Chronic Inflammatory Response Flashcards
What is Chronic Inflammation
Inflammation of prolonged duration
May follow acute inflammation or begins insidiously as a low grade smoldering often asymptomatic
RA, Atherosclerosis, TBC and chronic lung disease
Causes of chronic inflammation
Persistent infections— evoke hypersensitivity
Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents either exo or endo
Autoimmunity autoantigens evoke immune reaction as RA , Lupus Erythematosus
Chronic inflammation characterized by
Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate—Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
How does the mononuclear cell infiltration occur
Blood monocytes reached to extravascular tissue and differentiate to tissue macrophages
Differentiation factors are cytokines, adhesion molecules..
Tissue macrophages are diffuse lymph scattered in the CT an located in the liver, spleen, LN, lung
Which molecules activate macrophages
Cytokines
Bacterial endotoxins
What happens when macrophages are activated
They secrete a wide variety of biologically active products
Results with tissue injury or fibrosis
Hallmark of chronic inflammation
Tissue destruction
Other cells in chronic inflammation
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Mast cells
What is Granulomatous Inflammation
Special type of chronic inflammation
Focal accumulation of activated macrophages whşich often develop an epi-like appearance
TBC,
Why does epitheloid cells fuse
To form giant cells
Peripherally: Langhans type giant cell
Haphazardly: foreign body giant cell
2 types of Granuloma
Immune Granuloma
Typical example Tubercle
Immune Granuloma
Caused by insolvable particles typically microbes which I induce cell mediated immune response
What causes Typical Granuloma
The Bacili causes typical Granuloma with central necrosis
TUBERCLE
Roles of lymphatics in inflammation
Lymph flow increased and helps drain the edema fluid from the extravascular spaces
