Autoimmune Disorders

Question 1

What are the 2 groups of mechanism of self-tolerance?

Answer 1

Central tolerance
Peripheral tolerance

Question 2

Central tolerance

Answer 2

Immature self-reactive B/T lymphocytes
Clones that recognize self ag during their matuıration are killed

Question 3

Peripheral tolerance

Answer 3

Several mechanism silence potentially auto reactive T/B cells in peripheral tissues.

Question 4

How does autoimmunity occurs

Answer 4

1- upregulation of co-stimulators
2- molecular mimicry

Question 5

Which type of autoimmune diseases are directed against single organ or tissue

Answer 5

Type 1 DM
MS

Question 6

Which type of autoimmune diseases caused by the immune response against wide spread ag

Answer 6

SLE
RA

Question 7

Which autoimmune disorders are organ-specific and mediated by ab, immune complexes

Answer 7

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
Autoimmune strophic gastritis of pernicious anemia
Myasthenia gravis
Graves’ disease
Goodpasture syndrome

Question 8

Which autoimmune diseases are mediated by T cells and organ specific

Answer 8

Type 1 DM
MS

Question 9

Which autoimmune diseases are mediated by T cells and systemic

Answer 9

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic sclerosis
Sjörgen syndrome

Question 10

Which diseases are mediated by ab and systemic

Answer 10

SLE

Question 11

Hallmark of the SLA

Answer 11

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)— Hallmark of this disease

Question 12

In which autoimmune disease activation of the self reactive lymphocytes occur due to the molecular mimicry of the microbial ag to the self ag

Answer 12

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 13

How is the effect of SLE to the cardiovascular system

Answer 13

Damage to any layer of the heart
Pericardial movement
Diffuse leaflet thickening
Valvular endocarditis
Non bacterial verrucous endocarditis

Question 14

Effect of SLE to joints

Answer 14

Non-erosive synovitis

Question 15

SLE effect on the lungs

Answer 15

Pleuritis
Pleural effusion

Question 16

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 16

Chronic inflammatory systemic disease
Skin, blood vessel , heart , lung , muscle
Principally attacks joints
Destruction of articulation cartilage
Breakdown of immunologic self-tolerance and chronic inflammation
Tell response

Question 17

Autoantibodies to autologous IGg in which disease

Answer 17

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

What does Macrophage produceses in rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

IL-1,IL-6,TNF,NO,GF,TGF-B

Question 19

Pannus formation occur in which disease and what it is

Answer 19

RA
Synovial mass consist of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, fibroblasts , grows over articulated cartilage , causes erosion

Question 20

How does RA effect the skin

Answer 20

Rheumatoid nodules

Question 21

How does RA effect the BV

Answer 21

Rheumatoid vasculitis

Question 22

What is the physiological feature of Sjörgen syndrome

Answer 22

Dry eyes,dry mouth

Question 23

Sjörgen syndrome results from

Answer 23

Immunologically mediated destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands
Lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis of the lacrimal and salivary glands

Question 24

What Sjörgen syndrome’s infiltrate contains

Answer 24

Activated CD4+ helper T cells and some B cells

Question 25

What are the serologic markers of Sjörgen syndrome

Answer 25

Ab directed against two ribonucleoprotein ag : SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)

Question 26

What are the results of Sjörgen syndrome

Answer 26

Periductal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration
High risk for development of B cell lymphomas

Question 27

What are the mol that diagnostic for SLE

Answer 27

Ab to dsDNA
Ab to smith ag

Question 28

What are the results of SLE

Answer 28

Injury caused by immune complex deposition and binding of ab to various cells
Acute necrotizing vasculitis
Fibrinoid deposits in the vessel walls

Question 29

Which tissues are involved in SLE

Answer 29

Skin, joints, kidney, serosal membranes, heart , every organ in body