Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Dominant cellular players in chronic inflammation

Answer 1

Macrophage

Question 2

A cationic molecule that is toxic to parasites and also lyses mammalian epithelium

Answer 2

Major basic protein

Question 3

Major basic protein is found in what cell?

Answer 3

Eosinophils

Question 4

Focal accumulation of activated macrophages

Answer 4

Granuloma

Question 5

Macrophage activation is reflected by enlargement and flattening of the cell; so called ad

Answer 5

Epitheliod macrophages

Question 6

Granuloma that are incited by particles that cannot be readily phagocytoses by single macrophage but do not elicit specific imune response

Answer 6

Foreign body granuloma

Question 7

Causes the macrophage transformation to epitheliod cells and formation of multinucleate giant cells.

Answer 7

IFN-y produced by activated T cells

Question 8

Prototypical immune granuloma is caused by

Answer 8

Tuberculosis bacillus

Question 9

Substance that stimulates prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus

Answer 9

Pyrogen

Question 10

In the hypothalamus, _______ stimulates intracellular second signals that reset the temperature set point

Answer 10

PGE2

Question 11

APRs that regulate release of intracellular iron store.

Answer 11

Hepcidin; increased in IDA

Question 12

Clinical triad of Septic shock

Answer 12

1. DIC
2. Metabolic disturbances
3. CardiovasculAr failure

Question 13

Life span of monocyte

Answer 13

One day

Question 14

Type of macrophage activation important in host defense against microbe and inflammatory reactions.

Answer 14

Classical macrophage activation (M1); induced by IFN-y

Question 15

Alternative macrophage activation is induced by what?

Answer 15

IL-4 and IL-13, not by IFN-y

Question 16

Principal function of alternative macrophage activation (M2)

Answer 16

Tissue repair

Question 17

TH1 cells produce what cytokine and action?

Answer 17

IFN-y; activates macrophages by classical pathway

Question 18

TH2 cells secret what cytokines and what functions?

Answer 18

IL-4,5,13; recruit eosinophil, responsible for alternative pathway of macrophage activation

Question 19

TH17 cells secrete what and functions?

Answer 19

IL-17; recruitment for neutrophil (and monocytes)

Question 20

Cellular attempt to contain an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate

Answer 20

Granuloma formation

Question 21

These cytokines are important mediators of acute-phase reactions

Answer 21

TNF, IL-1,6

Question 22

Synthesis of CRP and fibrinogen is stimulated by what?

Answer 22

IL-6

Question 23

Synthesis of SAA is stimulated by

Answer 23

TNF and IL-1

Question 24

Most common cause of defective inflammation

Answer 24

Leukocyte deficiency