Chapter 1: Rubins Flashcards
Mutation in chaperone cofactor causes?
X linked retinitis pigmentosa
Mutation is Hsp60 causes
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Enzyme from virulent strain of E. Coli cleaves what chaperones?
Hsp70
Mutation in chloride channel
Cystic fibrosis; affects mucus- and sweat secreting cells
Mallory bodies(intermediate filaments) are found in what?
Alcoholic liver injury
Type of cellular cannibalism in which cells that are not professional phagocytes emgulf nearby living cells.
Entosis
Entosis is more oftenly seen in
Tumors
Cell death program that relies on caspase-1(IL-1B-converting enzyme
Pyroptosis
Caspase-1 is a proinflammatory protease that is produced by?
Inflammasome
Variety of apoptosis that occurs in epithelial cells
Anoikis
Anoikis is caused by loss of what?
Loss of cell adhesion or inappropriate cell adhesion
Significance of anoikis
Efficiently deletes cells that have been displaced from their proper residence.
Glycogen storage in cells is normally regulated by what?
By blood glucose concentration
Accumulation of cerebrosides, what disease?
Gaucher’s disease
Accumulation of gangliosides, what disease?
Tay-Sachs disease
Accumulation or products of mucopolysaccharide catabolism, what disease?
Hurler and Hunter Syndromes
If the Clusters of cholesterol-containing macrophage in subcutaneous tissues are grossly visible, they are called
Xanthomas
Mixture of lipids and proteins that appears as golden brown pigment
Lipofuscin
Wear and tear pigment
Lipofuscin
T or F: Lipofuscin increases with age
True
Insoluble brown-black pigment
Melanin
Hereditary inability to produce melanin
Albinism
Storage of carbon particles in the lung and regional lymph nodes
Anthracosis
Type of calcification that reflects deranged calcium metabolism
Metastatic calcification
Type of calcification in injured tissues
Dystropic calcification
Conspicious hyperplasia of the skin
Psoriasis
Adaptive response to persistent injury
Metaplasia
Squamous epithelium of esophagus replaced by glandular mucosa, what condition?
Barret’s esophagus
T or F: Metaplasia is usually fully reversible
True
Disordered cellular growth and maturation
Dysplasia
Dysplasia is disturbed by what?
- Variation in cell size and shape
- Nuclear enlargement, irregularity and hyperchromatism
- Disorderderly arrangement of cells in epithelium
A preneoplastic lesion; a necessary stage in the multistep cellular evolution to cancer.
Dysplasia
Morphologic expression of a disturbance in growth regulation
Dysplasia
Most common setting for atrophy to occur
Aging
Key component in adaptive hypertrophy
Angiogenesis
FOXO activation increases production of what?
Ubiquitin ligases; mediate degradation of muscle proteins by proteasomes
T or F: Atrophy is a passive, nonspecific adaptive response rather than an active shutdown of cellular process.
False; active, specific
Regulator of transcription factor and a master integrator of exogenous signals that elicit mitochondrial biogenesis.
PGC-1a (upregulated by Exercise)
Most common adult autoimmune disease
Rheumatic arthritis
Loss of muscle mass in aging is called
Sarcopenia (affects type II fibers); CHF affects type I fibers
Barrel shaped organelle that digests polyubiquitinated proteins
Proteasome
Two types of proteasomes
20s(degradative unit); 26s(two 19s caps are attached)
Proteases that remove Ubs from poly-Ub chains and their partner proteins
Deubiquitinating enzymes
Most primitive form of autophagy
Bulk or Macroautophagy
Type of necrosis that refer to as specific light microscopic appearances of dead or dying cells. Cell outline is maintained
Coagulative necrosis
When the rate at which necrotic cells dissolve greatly exceeds the rate of repair, what type of necrosis?
Liquefactive
Cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis in a solid tissue
Abscess
Unique feature of fat necrosis
Presence of TAG in adipose tissue
Interruption of blood flow
Ischemia
PCD seen in bone growth plate
Necroptosis
Master regulator of transcriptional responses to low oxygen
HIF-1a
