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General Pathology > Chapter 1: Rubins > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Rubins Flashcards

1
Q

Mutation in chaperone cofactor causes?

A

X linked retinitis pigmentosa

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2
Q

Mutation is Hsp60 causes

A

Hereditary spastic paraplegia

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3
Q

Enzyme from virulent strain of E. Coli cleaves what chaperones?

A

Hsp70

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4
Q

Mutation in chloride channel

A

Cystic fibrosis; affects mucus- and sweat secreting cells

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5
Q

Mallory bodies(intermediate filaments) are found in what?

A

Alcoholic liver injury

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6
Q

Type of cellular cannibalism in which cells that are not professional phagocytes emgulf nearby living cells.

A

Entosis

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7
Q

Entosis is more oftenly seen in

A

Tumors

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8
Q

Cell death program that relies on caspase-1(IL-1B-converting enzyme

A

Pyroptosis

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9
Q

Caspase-1 is a proinflammatory protease that is produced by?

A

Inflammasome

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10
Q

Variety of apoptosis that occurs in epithelial cells

A

Anoikis

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11
Q

Anoikis is caused by loss of what?

A

Loss of cell adhesion or inappropriate cell adhesion

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12
Q

Significance of anoikis

A

Efficiently deletes cells that have been displaced from their proper residence.

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13
Q

Glycogen storage in cells is normally regulated by what?

A

By blood glucose concentration

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14
Q

Accumulation of cerebrosides, what disease?

A

Gaucher’s disease

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15
Q

Accumulation of gangliosides, what disease?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

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16
Q

Accumulation or products of mucopolysaccharide catabolism, what disease?

A

Hurler and Hunter Syndromes

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17
Q

If the Clusters of cholesterol-containing macrophage in subcutaneous tissues are grossly visible, they are called

A

Xanthomas

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18
Q

Mixture of lipids and proteins that appears as golden brown pigment

A

Lipofuscin

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19
Q

Wear and tear pigment

A

Lipofuscin

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20
Q

T or F: Lipofuscin increases with age

A

True

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21
Q

Insoluble brown-black pigment

A

Melanin

22
Q

Hereditary inability to produce melanin

A

Albinism

23
Q

Storage of carbon particles in the lung and regional lymph nodes

A

Anthracosis

24
Q

Type of calcification that reflects deranged calcium metabolism

A

Metastatic calcification

25
Q

Type of calcification in injured tissues

A

Dystropic calcification

26
Q

Conspicious hyperplasia of the skin

A

Psoriasis

27
Q

Adaptive response to persistent injury

A

Metaplasia

28
Q

Squamous epithelium of esophagus replaced by glandular mucosa, what condition?

A

Barret’s esophagus

29
Q

T or F: Metaplasia is usually fully reversible

A

True

30
Q

Disordered cellular growth and maturation

A

Dysplasia

31
Q

Dysplasia is disturbed by what?

A
  1. Variation in cell size and shape
  2. Nuclear enlargement, irregularity and hyperchromatism
  3. Disorderderly arrangement of cells in epithelium
32
Q

A preneoplastic lesion; a necessary stage in the multistep cellular evolution to cancer.

A

Dysplasia

33
Q

Morphologic expression of a disturbance in growth regulation

A

Dysplasia

34
Q

Most common setting for atrophy to occur

A

Aging

35
Q

Key component in adaptive hypertrophy

A

Angiogenesis

36
Q

FOXO activation increases production of what?

A

Ubiquitin ligases; mediate degradation of muscle proteins by proteasomes

37
Q

T or F: Atrophy is a passive, nonspecific adaptive response rather than an active shutdown of cellular process.

A

False; active, specific

38
Q

Regulator of transcription factor and a master integrator of exogenous signals that elicit mitochondrial biogenesis.

A

PGC-1a (upregulated by Exercise)

39
Q

Most common adult autoimmune disease

A

Rheumatic arthritis

40
Q

Loss of muscle mass in aging is called

A

Sarcopenia (affects type II fibers); CHF affects type I fibers

41
Q

Barrel shaped organelle that digests polyubiquitinated proteins

A

Proteasome

42
Q

Two types of proteasomes

A

20s(degradative unit); 26s(two 19s caps are attached)

43
Q

Proteases that remove Ubs from poly-Ub chains and their partner proteins

A

Deubiquitinating enzymes

44
Q

Most primitive form of autophagy

A

Bulk or Macroautophagy

45
Q

Type of necrosis that refer to as specific light microscopic appearances of dead or dying cells. Cell outline is maintained

A

Coagulative necrosis

46
Q

When the rate at which necrotic cells dissolve greatly exceeds the rate of repair, what type of necrosis?

A

Liquefactive

47
Q

Cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis in a solid tissue

A

Abscess

48
Q

Unique feature of fat necrosis

A

Presence of TAG in adipose tissue

49
Q

Interruption of blood flow

A

Ischemia

50
Q

PCD seen in bone growth plate

A

Necroptosis

51
Q

Master regulator of transcriptional responses to low oxygen

A

HIF-1a

General Pathology (8 decks)

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