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Essential Medical Science (UoL, Medicine) > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of inflammation in general?

A

Remove cause of injury
Remove necrosis
Initiate repair

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2
Q

What are the following points characteristic of?

Slow onset
Macrophages/Lymphocytes/Plasma cells
Severe, progressive
Subtle signs

A

Chronic Inflammation

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3
Q

What are the following points characteristic of?

Fast onset
Neutrophils
Mild, self limiting
Prominent signs

A

Acute inflammation

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4
Q

What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?

A

Resolution
Suppuration
Organisation
Progression to chronic inflammation

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5
Q

What are the dominant cells in chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages

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6
Q

When does acute to chronic inflammation occur most commonly?

A

In suppurative acute inflammation

Granulation and fibrous tissue form and recurrent acute inflammations can lead to chronic conditions

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7
Q

What does ‘caseating’ mean?

A

Necrosis with conversion of damaged tissue into a soft substance

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8
Q

The macroscopic view of chronic inflammation is dependant on the disease. What are features of the microscopic view?

A

Cellular infiltrate of lymphs/plasma cells and macros
Exudation if fluid is not prominent
Production of new fibrous tissue

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9
Q

What is the general role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

A

They increase inflammation and stimulate the immune system

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10
Q

What is the more specific role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

A

Release cytokines which signal monocytes

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11
Q

What is leucocyte extravasion?

A

Monocytes enter damaged tissue from endothelium of blood vessel

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12
Q

What are some other roles of macrophages?

A

Release proteases after they decried damaged tissue
Induce cells to re-epithelialise the sound and create granulation tissue
Can hold and contain viable organisms if they cannot kill them
Produce factors that induce angiogenesis in granulation tissue

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13
Q

Which cell type deposits collagen in the formation of granulation tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue during repair of damaged tissue

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15
Q

What is a fibroma?

A

The same as fibrosis but only arises from 1 cell line

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16
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

a mass of granulation tissue, typically produced in response to infection, inflammation, or the presence of a foreign substance. Primary cell type is epitheloid histiocytes

17
Q

What are two examples of granulomatous disease?

A

TB

Leprosy

18
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A

Granulomatous inflammation is a cell-mediated hypersensitivity-type reaction to persistent and nondegradable microbial agents.

19
Q

What is the basic pathology of granulomatous inflammation?

A

Histiocytic giant cells form where material is indigestible to macrophages

They develop when 2 or more macrophages try to engulf the same particle

20
Q

What is the key feature required for a mass of cells to be a granuloma?

A

The presence of epitheloid histiocytes

21
Q

What is the bacterium responsible for TB?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

22
Q

What is the bacterium responsible for Leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

23
Q

What is silicosis?

A

Occupational lung disease from inhaling silica dust

24
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Granulomas form in multiple organs. Usually self limiting

25
Q

What are the following diseases examples of?

TB
Leprosy
Silicosis
Sarcoidosis

A

Granulomatous disease

26
Q

What is the mechanism of TB?

A
  1. Alveolar macrophages release cytokines to recruit more macrophages
  2. ) Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells in lymph nodes to mount a T cell response

Events 1 and 2 lead to granuloma formation for the purpose of containing infection and eliminating bacteria

3.) Granuloma contains macrophages, epithelioid cells and langerhand giant cells surrounded by T cells

Essential Medical Science (UoL, Medicine) (9 decks)

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