Chronic inflammation

Question 1

How is chronic inflammation defined?

Answer 1

Chronic inflammation is characterized by continuing inflammation alongside attempts at healing due to the persistence of the injurious agent, often perceived by the body as foreign.

Question 2

Which cells are associated with chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

Cells associated with chronic inflammation include lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils.

Question 3

How do general and granulomatous patterns of chronic inflammation differ?

Answer 3

General chronic inflammation involves fibrinopurulent exudate with persistent attempts at healing, while granulomatous inflammation features the formation of granulomas with epithelioid macrophages, surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts.

Question 4

What is a granuloma, and what are its characteristics?

Answer 4

A granuloma is a nodular collection of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts. It may contain multinucleate giant cells and necrosis.

Question 5

What are the pathological features of granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 5

Granulomatous inflammation involves the formation of granulomas with epithelioid macrophages, surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts, often with multinucleate giant cells and necrosis.

Question 6

Chronic inflammation
Humoral immunity
Cellular immunity
Complement
Phagocytosis
Granulomatous inflammation
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Eosinophils
Multinucleate giant cells
Necrosis
Endarteritis obliterans
Mycobacteria
Spirochaetes
Fungi
Parasites
Autoimmune diseases
Hypersensitivity reactions
Caseous necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
Polymorphs
Eosinophils
Granuloma
Epithelioid macrophages

Answer 6

Here are the definitions of the words mentioned in the context of immunology and inflammation:

1. Chronic inflammation: A prolonged inflammatory response characterized by the persistence of the injurious agent, leading to ongoing tissue damage and attempts at healing.
2. Humoral immunity: The aspect of the immune response mediated by soluble proteins, such as antibodies, which circulate in the blood and lymphatic system to neutralize pathogens and toxins.
3. Cellular immunity: The immune response mediated by specialized cells, particularly T lymphocytes, which directly attack infected or abnormal cells and regulate immune responses.
4. Complement: A group of blood proteins that work together to enhance the body’s immune response against pathogens, including activation of inflammation, opsonization, and cell lysis.
5. Phagocytosis: The process by which certain cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris.
6. Granulomatous inflammation: A type of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas, which are nodular collections of immune cells, particularly epithelioid macrophages, surrounded by lymphocytes and fibroblasts.
7. Macrophages: Large white blood cells derived from monocytes that play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity by phagocytosing pathogens, presenting antigens to T cells, and producing inflammatory mediators.
8. Lymphocytes: White blood cells involved in adaptive immunity, including B cells (responsible for antibody production) and T cells (responsible for cell-mediated immunity).
9. Plasma cells: Specialized B cells that produce and secrete antibodies in response to specific antigens encountered by the immune system.
10. Eosinophils: White blood cells containing granules that are involved in immune responses against parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
11. Multinucleate giant cells: Large cells formed by the fusion of multiple macrophages or other immune cells, often observed in granulomatous inflammation and certain infections.
12. Necrosis: The premature death of cells or tissues in response to injury, infection, or disease, typically characterized by swelling, inflammation, and loss of cellular function.
13. Endarteritis obliterans: Inflammation and subsequent narrowing or occlusion of arteries due to the formation of scar tissue in the vessel wall.

These definitions provide a foundational understanding of the key concepts in immunology and inflammation.