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cell injury and inflammation > Chronic inflammatio > Flashcards

Chronic inflammatio Flashcards

1
Q

acute inflammation is a ……..-mediated immune response

A

neutrophil

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2
Q

Resolution of acute inflammation (outcomes) requires

A
  1. mild injury
  2. short-lived
  3. Limit ECM damage
  4. Capacity for cellular regeneration (limited)
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3
Q

Some outcomes of acute inflammation

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Fibrosis
  3. chronic inflammation
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4
Q

Define chronic inflammation

A

Prolonged duration (weeks/months) in which attempts at inflammation, tissue injury and repair co-exist!

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5
Q

What type of immunity is involved in chronic inflammation

A

Adaptive immunity - in response to continuous injury and a non-neutrophilic response

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6
Q

Microscopic features of chronic inflammation

A

1- Non-neutrophilic inflammation - macrophages Lymphocytes, plasma cells

  1. Architectural destruction
  2. Tissue fibrosis
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7
Q

How long until macrophages are mobilized?

A

2 days -

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8
Q

TNF-a and IL-1 are secreted by activated macrophages and they

A

Activate NEUTROPHILS

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9
Q

Which subpopulation of macrophages is important in chronic inflammation?

A

M2 macrophage! stimulated by iL-13 and IL-4

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10
Q

Antigen presentation to T-cells is mediated by which cytokines?

A

IL-12

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11
Q

TNF and IL-17 result in

A

recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages

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12
Q

Causes of chronic inflammation

A
  1. Persistent injurious stimulus - HIGH IFN-gamma levels leadin to Granulomatous inflammation (Type 4 Hypers)
  2. Immune-mediated (autoimmune)
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13
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

A collection of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by chronic inflammation and fibrosis

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14
Q

The type of necrosis that results from a tuberculous granuloma is

A

Caseuous type

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15
Q

What is an immune granuloma?

A

Poorly degradable antigen causes cell-mediated response via IL-2 and IFN-gamma (langerhans type giant cell)

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16
Q

What is a foreign body granuloma?

A

Inert material too large to preclude by phagocytosis (results in foreign body type giant cell)
- weaker response

17
Q

In chronic inflammation, persistent foreign and self-antigens can result in

A

Development of a plasma cell from activated B cells

Form Tertiary lymphoid organs

18
Q

Immune-mediated reactions in chronic inflammation include

A
  1. Autoimmunity
    • Excessive and inappropriate immune system activation
    • Response to self, and is self-perpetuating
  2. Immune dysregulation
    • IBD
  3. Hypersensitivity Reactions 1-4
19
Q

Asthma is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A 
Type 1 
can lead to 
- Collagen deposition - fibrosis of BM
- Narrowed airways
- Chronic obstructive disease
20
Q

Steroids in asthmatics block

A

The late phase reaction - avoid eosinophils and lymphocytes

cell injury and inflammation (9 decks)

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