aging and cellular senescence

Question 1

Aging is not the same as

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

Aging is characterized by 4 things

Answer 2

1. External changes
2. Physiologic and structural alterations in tissues
3. Decreased ability to respond to stress
4. Increased risk for age-related disease

Question 3

Define aging

Answer 3

A collection of individual processes and ailments - outcome of complex interaction
- A coordinated and malleable process -

Question 4

What 2 things make us think about aging as a coordinated and malleable process

Answer 4

genetics

caloric restriction

Question 5

2 causes of aging

Answer 5

1. Random molecular damage

2. Stress, poor diet, adverse environment

Question 6

ROS react with

Answer 6

1 Fatty acids –> lipid peroxidases

2. Proteins –> abnormal folding
3. DNA –> mutations + breaks

Question 7

Which organelle plays a role in aging

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

What is a cell’s limit to replication called

Answer 8

Hayflick limit

Question 9

What is wener’s syndrome (not an exact model)

Answer 9

Accelerated aging due to a mutation in a DNA helicase

Question 10

3 features of telomeres

Answer 10

Short repeat sequences
End of linear chromosomes
ensure replication of ends
Prevent fusion

Question 11

DNA polymerase cannot completely replicate the

Answer 11

3’ end of DNA

5’ end of NEW strand is shortened

Question 12

Telomerase is a

Answer 12

reverse transcriptase

adds DNA nucleotides

Question 13

Telomere shortening is a defense against

Answer 13

development of cancer

Question 14

Genes involves in slower aging and lifespan extension

Answer 14

IGF, and thyroid hormones, seen in mice, lower levels of GH and IGF-1

Question 15

2 genes in mammals involved in lifespan extension

Answer 15

FoxO and sirtuins

Question 16

What % of variation in lifespan is attributed to genetic factors

Answer 16

15% - might be through mitochondrial DNA

Question 17

in 1930s, mice that were calorie restricted lived up to

Answer 17

40% longer than controls -

Question 18

Caloric restriction may be a true effect why?

Answer 18

ob/ob mice -

Question 19

Effects of caloric restriction are mediated through

Answer 19

Sirtuins - maybe reservatrol