chronic diseases and benefits to exercise

Question 1

chronic disease

Answer 1

illness that are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and rarely cured completely

Question 2

cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

any disease that impairs the function of the circulatory system

Question 3

what are primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

Answer 3

1. obesity
2. sedentary lifestyle
3. smoking
4. hypercholesterolemia
5. type 2 diabetes
6. age
7. family

Question 4

common cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

hyperextension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke

Question 5

diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

chronic metabolic disease characterised by an ineffective insulin response and high blood glucose levels

Question 6

common complication of diabetes mellitus

Answer 6

1. cardiovascular disease
2. dehydration
3. weight problems
4. kidney disease
5. neuropathy

Question 7

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 7

inability to produce insulin

Question 8

type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

inability to respond to insulin ( poor insulin sensitivity)

Question 9

Type 2 diabetes risks

Answer 9

family history, over 55 years, over 45 and overweight, over 45 and high BP, over 35 and aboriginal background

Question 10

cancer

Answer 10

abnormal uncontrolled cell growth in tumour form

Question 11

benign cancer

Answer 11

non spreading

Question 12

malignant cancer

Answer 12

capable of spreading

Question 13

chronic lower respiratory disease

Answer 13

disease that impede the flow of air, in / out of the lungs, resulting in poor gas exchange

Question 14

main contributors to chronic lower respiratory disease

Answer 14

1. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2. asthma
3. bronchiectasis

Question 15

risk factors for chronic lower respiratory disease

Answer 15

genetics, smoking, inactivity, infections

Question 16

osteoporosis

Answer 16

low bone mineral content

Question 17

main contributors to osteoporosis

Answer 17

genetics, aging, physical inactivity, low calcium/vitamin D intake, smoking

Question 18

physical activity

Answer 18

bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle and that substantially increases energy expenditure

Question 19

exercise

Answer 19

planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

Question 20

physical fitness

Answer 20

set of attributes or characteristics that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

Question 21

what are the general guidelines for apparently healthy adults

Answer 21

everyday: find ways to stay active as possible in routine tasks
3-5 times/week: 20 minutes ( vigorous) to 30 minutes * moderate)
2-3 times/ week: stretching and strengthening
try to cut down: sedentary activities

Question 22

effects of regular activity on CVD risk factors

Answer 22

obesity - promote weight loss, improve weight management
smoking - counteract smoking related damage, reduces withdrawal symptoms
Hypercholesteolemia - reduce LDL and total cholesterol, increase HDL, repair endothelium
Hyperextension - decrease systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 23

effects of regular activity on other chronic diseases

Answer 23

1. diabetes - improve insulin sensitivity, decrease blood glucose and improve weight loss
2. cancer - help reduce risk of colon, breast and prostate cancers, increase antioxidant capability
3. COPD - improve lung/blood O2 exchange, increase ventilation strength
4. osteoporosis - increase bone density

Question 24

other beneficial effects of exercise

Answer 24

1. increase flexibility
2. increase motor performance
3. decrease risk of low back pain
4. increased self image
5. help relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety

Question 25

benefits of aerobic exercise

Answer 25

1. increase maximal cardiac output
2. increase stroke volume
3. increased capillarisaiton
4. decrease body fat percentage
5. increase fatigue resistance

Question 26

benefits of anaerobic exercise on the ATP-CP system

Answer 26

1. improved sprint time
2. increased substrate stores
3. increased enzyme activity

Question 27

benefits of anaerobic exercise on the glycotic system

Answer 27

1. improved longer sprint time
2. increased glycogen stores
3. increased enzyme activity
4. improved buffer capacity
5. increased fatigue resistance