Chromosomes and Cell Division I. Flashcards
New cells are formed by a process called:
Cell Division.
Mother cell:
A cell that gives rise to other cells.
Daughter cell:
Genetically identical cells that are formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis.
Genetic Variation:
Located in or near genes and produces character differences called traits.
Binary Fission:
The way prokaryotic cells divide.
Eukaryotic cells divide by:
Mitosis or meiosis.
Monad:
A single chromatid within a dyad.
Chromatid:
The two copies of a chromosome after replication.
Sister chromatid:
Chromatids that are joined to each other at a region of DNA called the centromere to form a unit.
Ftsz Protein:
A protein encoded by the ftsZ gene that assembles into a ring at the future site of bacterial cell division.
True/False:
Each monad has a centromere
True
Kinetochore:
Group of proteins that are bound to the centromere.
What are monads called when they separate from each other?
Chromosome.
Somatic cells:
Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Germ cells:
They are reproductive cells.
Most germ cells divide by mitosis, only mature germ cells divide by meiosis.
Which of the two cell types makes up the majority of cells in the body?
Somatic & germ cells.
Which cell type divides exclusively by mitosis?
Somatic cells.
Which cell type can divide by mitosis and meiosis?
Germ cells.
Interphase:
The period before mitosis.
The cell prepares for mitosis.
Three parts of Interphase:
G1: The cell may prepare to divide.
S: Chromosomes are duplicated.
G2: The cell accumulates the materials necessary for nuclear
and cell division
True / False:
Dyads are present in the mother cell at the start of mitosis.
True.
Metaphase:
Alignment of dyads along the metaphase plate.
Anaphase:
Separation of dyads into chromosomes.
Telophase:
Movement of chromosomes toward centrosomes.
The chromosomes reach their respective poles and decondense
