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Religion > Christian Heritage Test 4 > Flashcards

Christian Heritage Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

on the extreme reason side; looked at the myth-making tendency of the Gospels; product of the Enlightenment; says we don’t know much about the historical Jesus that we can confirm, only that he died, was born in Nazareth, was a Jewish teacher; said Jesus was just a man whose followers decide is the Messiah, and thus they write stories that portray him as such

A

Strauss

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2
Q

in the middle of the pietism-reason spectrum; names the first quest for the historical Jesus; says Reimus is right in saying Jesus is Jewish but he is a Jewish escatalogical, apocalyptic prophet and is convinced he is the son of man who is ushering in the kingdom and that he has to go to Jerusalem and die for other people, but says Jesus’s death doesn’t bring the kingdom; says if you use reason, your conclusion has to be that the historical Jesus doesn’t matter to the church because he failed and what matters is the spiritual understanding of Jesus; he brings the quest for the historical Jesus to a halt

A

Schweitzer

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3
Q

says the quest for historical Jesus is impossible - the sources we have (Gospels) are all second-hand info; they are interested in Jesus’s theological significance, not history; if you try to use reason, you exclude faith which is the way to respond to Christian teaching; if Jesus is a teacher, we can grasp what he is kind of teaching, but the Gospels are teaching Jesus, not so much who Jesus is; people need to respond in faith to what the gospels say about Jesus

A

Bultmann

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4
Q

“new second quest”; if you want to understand Jesus correctly, you have to think just theologically and historically about Jesus, because we could take just his theology and apply it to any political movement; lived through WWII

A

Kasemann

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5
Q

all about reason; methods and sources - meets and looks at all Jesus sources to decide what Jesus actually said; said most of the gospels is said about Jesus noticed by him; 18% by Jesus and 82% about Jesus; used multiple attestation, embarrassment factor, and dissimilarity to judge accuracy; comes out with a Jesus that looks dissimilar to a 1st century Jew, but instead says Jesus looks like a wandering sage cynic

A

Jesus Seminar

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6
Q

need multiple sources to verify; difficult to get

A

multiple attestation

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7
Q

why would someone present something that would embarrass the subject of the work; if it is embarrassing, it is likely true

A

embarrassment factor

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8
Q

does the presentation of a character come from the author of from how they actually were; if the presentation of Jesus is different from a 1st century Jew, it is more likely to be true - but Jesus is a first century Jew

A

dissimilarity

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9
Q

3rd quest; need a new integration of history and theology; we have to place Jesus in his historical context: Judaism; for Jesus to be presented historically, he has to be crucifiable - he had to do something for there to be a reason to kill him - he has to understand himself as a Messiah, so he could irritate Rome/Jews; since the 3rd quest, there hasn’t been much progress on the historical Jesus

A

Meyer, Wright, Dunn

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10
Q

challenges Enlightenment thinking; premises: there are realities stronger than reason, the world is like a living organism, the world changes and grow, the world isn’t as orderly as Enlightenment thinkers believe; results: advances cause of Pietism, religion becomes less about rationalization and proof, Christianity becomes a question of faith and feeling

A

Romanticism

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11
Q

Catholic; the cultural power of inherited Christianity grounds Christianity; rely not on reason, but in feeling and the undeniable marks Christianity has left on culture

A

Chateaubrand

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12
Q

Catholic; social power reflected in the church; society is based on authority and humans are sinful and social and need an authority to guide them - reason obviously didn’t work and kings only provide authority in the political realm

A

De Maistre

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13
Q

Protestant; a longing for the infinite, eternal and independent is why people dismiss religion, because they don’t understand that infinity; the deepest aspect of human existence: God-consciousness; human nature is finite, temporal, and independent but we are God-conscious and long for the infinite - that is way religion taps into; Christianity is unique with the idea of redemption and being united with Christ, who is perfectly God-conscious

A

Schleirmacher

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14
Q

said the effect of Enlightenment on Christianity included: true Christianity is based on reason and understanding; reason - intuitive insight, is intimately connected with experience; understanding - what you can know by the senses; must practice religion to experience it

A

Coleridge

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15
Q

says scripture is inherently theological and has only one theological interest: what has God done/what is he doing?; therefore, think about scripture theologically; theology must begin with the otherness of God; sums up his beliefs by saying “Jesus loves me this I know, for the Bible tells me so”

A

Barth

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16
Q

says religion is the opium of the masses

A

Karl Marx

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17
Q

wanted Christian socialism - against unsocial Christians and unChristian socialists

A

Kingsley and Maurice

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18
Q

founded the Salvation Army

A

William Booth

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19
Q

pietist; disliked Catholics and socialists; kicked out the Catholics; Kulterkampf and May Laws

A

Otto von Bismarck

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20
Q

wanted protective labor legislation and insurance to protect the poor under Otto von Bismarck, who he worked for

A

Stoecher

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21
Q

said helping the poor was living like Jesus

A

Rauschenbusch and Sheldon

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22
Q

fought against slavery in England

A

William Wilburforce

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23
Q

wanted prison reform for women in England

A

Elizabeth Fry

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24
Q

leads a reform movement in Scotland to resist patronage - wealthy, rich clergy, so he opposed that system; the civil ruling favored patronage, thus the middle class splits, creating the Free Church of Scotland

A

Thomas Chalmers

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25
Q

believed in charismatic gifts in England

A

Irvingites

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26
Q

thinks he figured out what prophecy means in England

A

Darby

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27
Q

Scottish guy that travels to France and the Continent and targets theological students, travels around Europe spreading evangelicalism, and emphasizes evangelical doctrines - said they wanted to go back to the roots of protestantism

A

Robert Haldane

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28
Q

tried to merge Reformed and Lutheran churches, but this angered people

A

Wilhelm III

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29
Q

American; moved from Calvinism, but was Presbyterian through revivalism - emphasized choice

A

Charles G. Finney

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30
Q

founded the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

A

Frances Willard

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31
Q

founded 7th Day Adventism; predicted Christ’s return in 1843-1844; when it doesn’t happen, it is called the Great Disappointment

A

William Miller

32
Q

continues the movement as 7th Day Adventist

A

Ellen G. White

33
Q

founded Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; visions said early Christians were in error; hidden book - Book of Mormon - given to him by the angel Maroni, who related a second ministry of Christ after his ascension where members of the lost tribe of Israel received him and established a church and he tells of the church and its destruction; he reestablishes this church, which has polygamy and temple worship; he is killed in a mob

A

Joseph Smith

34
Q

leads Mormonism from Illinois to Utah

A

Brigham Young

35
Q

tried to reinstitute church practices to make it less individualized

A

Grundtwig in Denmark, Loeke in Germany, Nevin in America

36
Q

argued Church is divine institution, not a political one; get back to roots/ancient Christianity - emphasize objective work of the sacraments

A

tractarians and Oxford movement

37
Q

champions conservatism in the Catholic Church; wrote Syllabus of Errors to reject modern trends; devoted to the Virgin Mary - free from original sin, a girl who has a vision of Mary at a spring where she claims immaculate conception; rules over the First Vatican Council

A

Pope Pius IX

38
Q

determines infallibility of the Pope, ex Cathedra; reaffirms the Council of Trent

A

First Vatican Council

39
Q

wrote Rerum Novarum; successor to Pius; says economic crisis created capitalism, advocated for the poor, pushed for unions and wages, says Church should take care of the poor

A

Pope Leo XIII

40
Q

criticism of the thing; realizes there’s more than one voice in scripture, but we have to look at how God is most often portrayed and stick with that - you make that the center and then go from that to interpret the Bible and its differences

A

sachkritik

41
Q

wrote Lamentabili and Pascendi; very conservative; wanted to be clear where the church stood; made priests sign an oath saying they would defend these ideals

A

Pope Pius X

42
Q

condemns progressive ideals, such as divine inspiration for all scriptural writings; Catholics believe scripture is infallible and inerrant; condemned scientists who said Christians needed to rethink miracles, virgin birth because of science

A

Lamentabili

43
Q

said progressive Christianity made people rethink what Christianity is and made people think Christianity can’t hold up, so they condemned this approach

A

Pascendi

44
Q

takes offense to the discrediting of the miraculous; argued that candidates of the priesthood who could not affirm the creeds shouldn’t be ordained; issue: Jesus’s miraculous birth to the virgin

A

Charles Gore

45
Q

professors at Princeton pushed back against progressivism; says that inspiration isn’t robotic and God didn’t force the writing, but that the Bible writers used their own style, but God inspired those words, thus it is infallible and inerrant

A

Hodge-Warfield Doctrine

46
Q

people speaking in languages they don’t know but is a known language

A

xenoglossia

47
Q

idea that the spirit gives some believers the gift to speak unknown, unintelligible languages; also says some people have gifts to interpret what is said

A

glossolalia

48
Q

a teacher; on January 1, 1901 he and his students start speaking in tongues

A

Charles Fox Parhem

49
Q

preaching pentecostal tradition in LA and it explodes and grows; called the Azusa Street Revival; the Apostolic Faith 1: atonement in the pentecostal faith - accomplishes the forgiveness of sins, then sanctification, healing, baptism of the spirit, God is the healer of souls and the body too

A

William J. Seymour

50
Q

famous female Pentecostal preacher; had lots of husbands and once had a “kidnapping” incident; died of drug overdose; preached on the radio

A

Aimee Semple McPherson

51
Q

1) Christ is the savior who transforms people 2) He baptizes people with the Holy Spirit 3) he heals body and spirit 4) he is the soon-coming king

A

Foursquare Gospel

52
Q

the Church Idea; called for unity among 4 basic principles: 1) the authority of Scripture 2) the ancient creeds 3) two sacraments 4) historic episcopate

A

William R. Huntington

53
Q

“the evangelization of the world in this generation”; an early attempt at unification of Christian missions

A

World Christian Student Federation (1895)

54
Q

birth of the 20th century ecumenical movement; delegate participation; based on the confidence that they could evangelize the world in their generation, but also that they could overcome historical ecclesiastical fault lines; based on confidence in progress, intelligence, and organization

A

Edinburgh Missionary Conference (1910)

55
Q

John Mott; focus WWI results; an international ecumenical organization

A

International Missionary Council

56
Q

Nathan Souderplum; get past differences to advance Christian morals; international ecumenical organization

A

Life and Work

57
Q

it has to be Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Catholic Church (but Rome won’t join); an international ecumenical organization

A

Faith and Order

58
Q

points out that the central roadblock to ecumenical work was ecumenism’s own diversity

A

William Temple

59
Q

unites Life & Work and Faith & Order

A

World Council of Churches

60
Q

says the Catholics can’t be a part of ecumenical councils because Protestants are involved

A

Mortalism Animus (1928)

61
Q

changes Catholic approach to the interpretation of Scripture; Catholic biblical scholarship is opened up to critical scholarly investigation; a marked movement away from its anti-modernist, anti-progressive tendencies

A

Divino Afflante Spiritu (1943)

62
Q

Angelo Roncalli; calls Second Vatican Council; says the church’s windows must be open in order to let light in; wants to address the modern world; his successor Pope Paul VI continues his ideas

A

Pope John XXIII

63
Q

begins September 1912; Question: should the church adapt? largely becomes a debate between conservative (curia/Italian) Catholics and the progressive (non-Italian) Catholics

A

Vatican II

64
Q

central point of Catholic worship; conceived as common prayer; reforms include: encourage public, discourage private mass, encourage use of vernacular, not Latin

A

Liturgy

65
Q

Catholic Church reforms to: light of the nations, changing metaphors, collegiality, presentation of self-understanding, reservations, pope from being on top to being the center with church around him - less hierarchy

A

Lumen Gentium

66
Q

change in Catholic approach to other religions; now says other religions have rights; no political power has the right to coerce the conscience, in every person existed a privileged sanctuary

A

Declaration on Religious Freedom

67
Q

“Joy and Hope”; Catholic document that affirms dignity of all people; condemns racial discrimination, poverty, hunger; work with all person of good will to bring about social betterment

A

Gaudium et Spes

68
Q

group of Christians who said sola scripture, more literal interpretations, inspired by God, infallibility of Scripture

A

Conservative Christians

69
Q

group of Christians who were more open to different interpretations of Scripture, interpret scripture with modern world, God is love -> more focus than literal scripture

A

Liberal Chrisitians

70
Q

book on evolution, natural selection, response to nature, competition and destruction

A

Darwin’s On the Origin of Species

71
Q

extreme right thinking; church affirms core beliefs: bible inspired and infallible, Christ’s death/atonement, supernatural and miracles

A

fundamentalism

72
Q

British; says major problem for missionary activity in Africa is the slave trade

A

David Livingstone

73
Q

translated the Bible into Chinese

A

Matthew Perry

74
Q

said the key to missionary work was education

A

Alexander Duff

75
Q

father of the modern missionary movement who served in India

A

William Carey

76
Q

founder of the China Inland Mission

A

J. Hudson Taylor

Religion (7 decks)

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