Christian Heritage Test 1

Question 1

said Judaism was all about earning God’s favor

Answer 1

Martin Luther

Question 2

said Luther’s approach to Judaism wasn’t pure; instead he said we have to read Jewish texts; said there was a diversity in Jewish beliefs and Jews don’t see Judaism as works-based, but instead, being God’s chosen people is because of grace and then because of that they obey the law

Answer 2

E.P. Sanders

Question 3

said the bulk of theology is in Paul and John’s writings

Answer 3

Rudolph Boltman

Question 4

What we say about how to run a church

Answer 4

ecclesiology

Question 5

writes about destroying pseudopigraphies

Answer 5

Livy

Question 6

said gods don’t exist so they can’t harm you, so you should enjoy life. People take his philosophy and run with it, tarnishing his name (he is a victim of pseudopigraphy)

Answer 6

Epicurus

Question 7

said that the death of the apostles caused diversity to flourish; they formed the center beliefs, but the peripheral was still forming

Answer 7

Michael Holmes

Question 8

a book of writings about church order, orthodoxy vs heresy, issues of the church in the 2nd century; authors/works: Clement of Rome, Ingatius, Poly Carp, the Didache, Shepherd of Hermas

Answer 8

the Apostolic Fathers

Question 9

early bishop in Rome (late 90s) who wrote 2 letters to Corinth

Answer 9

Clement of Rome

Question 10

wanted to be a martyr, wrote 7 letters on his trip from Antioch to Rome as a prisoner; bishop of Antioch in the early 2nd century; went against the Ebionites and the Docetists

Answer 10

Ignatius

Question 11

most important church historian for many years

Answer 11

Eusebius

Question 12

early Christian historian who said Peter commissioned Ignatius to be bishop in Antioch

Answer 12

Theodoret

Question 13

summary: if you are able to bear the whole yoke of the Lord, you would be perfect, but since you can’t, do the best you can; it is instructions to churches

Answer 13

The Didache

Question 14

martyred in North Africa in early 200s; has two visions one about her brother and the other about how the real battle isn’t against other people, but against the devil

Answer 14

Perpetua

Question 15

(313 CE) ended the state sponsored persecution in Rome; collaboration of Licinius and Constantine

Answer 15

The Edict of Milan

Question 16

apologist at the end of 2nd century, beginning of 3rd from Carthage; said “What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem?”; first to talk about the Trinity

Answer 16

Tertullian

Question 17

a former philosopher from Alexandria; argued that using logos/reason would appeal to Romans who are searching for Logos; wanted to show that Greeks/Romans got their philosophy from Hebrew scripture, defending that Christians aren’t borrowing aren’t borrowing from the rest of the world

Answer 17

Justin Martyr

Question 18

followed Justin Martyr; said Logos God created everything and wove knowledge into creation; any knowledge you uncover with reason is learning something about God - all truth it God’s truth

Answer 18

Clement of Alexandria

Question 19

the greatest mind in pre-Constantinian Christianity; a bishop in Alexandria; says the nature of scripture means it should be read not so much literally but about it’s spiritual and theological meaning, not for science and history so much

Answer 19

Origen

Question 20

says four sources came together to form the Pentateuch; kind of right, but was too specific

Answer 20

Documentary Hypothesis

Question 21

said Mark was first, then Matthew uses Mark, and Luke uses both and that we had a 3 gospel collection by 85 CE

Answer 21

Farrah Hypothesis for the Synoptic problem

Question 22

said Mark got his info from Peter; he still prefers the oral traditions more than what was written down at the time;

Answer 22

Papias

Question 23

170 CE; combined all 4 gospels into one story (the Diatessaron) about Jesus; he uses other gospels too and doesn’t think the main 4 are sufficient

Answer 23

Tatian

Question 24

first person to argue for only the 4 gospels; says they each show Jesus a specific way (human, ox, lion, eagle) and that there are 4 winds from the 4 corners of the earth; worked to prove to the gnostics/Marcion that Jesus was fully divine and fully human

Answer 24

Irenaeus

Question 25

in his book “Church History” (325), doubts James, Jude, 2 Peter, 2-3 John and isn’t sure about Revelation

Answer 25

Eusebius

Question 26

a list of texts that should be authoritative; has 22 of 27 books listed; probably from the 4th century

Answer 26

Muratorian Fragment

Question 27

1) 26 book canon (360 CE) 2) 363 CE

Answer 27

1)Cheltenham Canvas 2) Council of Laodicea

Question 28

bishop of Alexandria that was the first to have a 27 book canon (367 CE) in his 39th Festal Letter

Answer 28

Athanasius

Question 29

others that said 27 book canon

Answer 29

1) Augustine Bishop of Hippo 2) Councils of Hippo (393), Carthage (397), Carthage (418-419)

Question 30

said the 27 book canon plus the OT and the Apocrypha; put it in his book the Vulgate, which was finished in the 5th century CE

Answer 30

Jerome

Question 31

Pope Paul II concludes that biblical canon should mirror Jerome’s Vulgate and it is the first time the church make the contents of the Bible an article of faith (1546)

Answer 31

Council of Trent

Question 32

Jewish Christians who followed Mosaic law; said no virgin birth, Jesus was fully human only and was chosen by God at his baptism to be the Messiah

Answer 32

Ebionites

Question 33

group that emphasized the Holy Spirit and said that anyone could be filled with the spirit, not just apostles or bishops/elders/deacons; gave women a voice

Answer 33

Montanists

Question 34

the way to correct human sin is by having a human come and life perfectly; Jesus is the better Adam and Mary is the better Eve

Answer 34

recapitulation

Question 35

said Christians who denounced their faith during persecution have lost all authority they had

Answer 35

Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage

Question 36

said Christians who denounced their faith during persecution get to be let back into the church

Answer 36

Stephen, Bishop of Rome

Question 37

the great persecution - had full out state sponsored persecution

Answer 37

Diocletian

Question 38

persecuted both laity and the clergy

Answer 38

Decius