Christian Heritage Test 1 Flashcards
said Judaism was all about earning God’s favor
Martin Luther
said Luther’s approach to Judaism wasn’t pure; instead he said we have to read Jewish texts; said there was a diversity in Jewish beliefs and Jews don’t see Judaism as works-based, but instead, being God’s chosen people is because of grace and then because of that they obey the law
E.P. Sanders
said the bulk of theology is in Paul and John’s writings
Rudolph Boltman
What we say about how to run a church
ecclesiology
writes about destroying pseudopigraphies
Livy
said gods don’t exist so they can’t harm you, so you should enjoy life. People take his philosophy and run with it, tarnishing his name (he is a victim of pseudopigraphy)
Epicurus
said that the death of the apostles caused diversity to flourish; they formed the center beliefs, but the peripheral was still forming
Michael Holmes
a book of writings about church order, orthodoxy vs heresy, issues of the church in the 2nd century; authors/works: Clement of Rome, Ingatius, Poly Carp, the Didache, Shepherd of Hermas
the Apostolic Fathers
early bishop in Rome (late 90s) who wrote 2 letters to Corinth
Clement of Rome
wanted to be a martyr, wrote 7 letters on his trip from Antioch to Rome as a prisoner; bishop of Antioch in the early 2nd century; went against the Ebionites and the Docetists
Ignatius
most important church historian for many years
Eusebius
early Christian historian who said Peter commissioned Ignatius to be bishop in Antioch
Theodoret
summary: if you are able to bear the whole yoke of the Lord, you would be perfect, but since you can’t, do the best you can; it is instructions to churches
The Didache
martyred in North Africa in early 200s; has two visions one about her brother and the other about how the real battle isn’t against other people, but against the devil
Perpetua
(313 CE) ended the state sponsored persecution in Rome; collaboration of Licinius and Constantine
The Edict of Milan
apologist at the end of 2nd century, beginning of 3rd from Carthage; said “What does Athens have to do with Jerusalem?”; first to talk about the Trinity
Tertullian
a former philosopher from Alexandria; argued that using logos/reason would appeal to Romans who are searching for Logos; wanted to show that Greeks/Romans got their philosophy from Hebrew scripture, defending that Christians aren’t borrowing aren’t borrowing from the rest of the world
Justin Martyr
followed Justin Martyr; said Logos God created everything and wove knowledge into creation; any knowledge you uncover with reason is learning something about God - all truth it God’s truth
Clement of Alexandria
the greatest mind in pre-Constantinian Christianity; a bishop in Alexandria; says the nature of scripture means it should be read not so much literally but about it’s spiritual and theological meaning, not for science and history so much
Origen
says four sources came together to form the Pentateuch; kind of right, but was too specific
Documentary Hypothesis
said Mark was first, then Matthew uses Mark, and Luke uses both and that we had a 3 gospel collection by 85 CE
Farrah Hypothesis for the Synoptic problem
said Mark got his info from Peter; he still prefers the oral traditions more than what was written down at the time;
Papias
170 CE; combined all 4 gospels into one story (the Diatessaron) about Jesus; he uses other gospels too and doesn’t think the main 4 are sufficient
Tatian
first person to argue for only the 4 gospels; says they each show Jesus a specific way (human, ox, lion, eagle) and that there are 4 winds from the 4 corners of the earth; worked to prove to the gnostics/Marcion that Jesus was fully divine and fully human
Irenaeus
in his book “Church History” (325), doubts James, Jude, 2 Peter, 2-3 John and isn’t sure about Revelation
Eusebius
a list of texts that should be authoritative; has 22 of 27 books listed; probably from the 4th century
Muratorian Fragment
1) 26 book canon (360 CE) 2) 363 CE
1)Cheltenham Canvas 2) Council of Laodicea
bishop of Alexandria that was the first to have a 27 book canon (367 CE) in his 39th Festal Letter
Athanasius
others that said 27 book canon
1) Augustine Bishop of Hippo 2) Councils of Hippo (393), Carthage (397), Carthage (418-419)
said the 27 book canon plus the OT and the Apocrypha; put it in his book the Vulgate, which was finished in the 5th century CE
Jerome
Pope Paul II concludes that biblical canon should mirror Jerome’s Vulgate and it is the first time the church make the contents of the Bible an article of faith (1546)
Council of Trent
Jewish Christians who followed Mosaic law; said no virgin birth, Jesus was fully human only and was chosen by God at his baptism to be the Messiah
Ebionites
group that emphasized the Holy Spirit and said that anyone could be filled with the spirit, not just apostles or bishops/elders/deacons; gave women a voice
Montanists
the way to correct human sin is by having a human come and life perfectly; Jesus is the better Adam and Mary is the better Eve
recapitulation
said Christians who denounced their faith during persecution have lost all authority they had
Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage
said Christians who denounced their faith during persecution get to be let back into the church
Stephen, Bishop of Rome
the great persecution - had full out state sponsored persecution
Diocletian
persecuted both laity and the clergy
Decius
