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Physical Science > Chptr 29 > Flashcards

Chptr 29 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center all the way around called?

A

sphere

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2
Q

What is an elongated, closed curve with two foci called?

A

ellipse

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3
Q

Is a Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, the diameter (equator) is slightly further than pole to pole (42km difference).

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4
Q

What are three ancient observations that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

any object that falls, falls straight down
the Earth’s shadow on the moon is curved
people in different parts of the world see different stars

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5
Q

What are two factors that effect gravitational strength?

A

masses & distance

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

harmful radiation from the sun

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7
Q

Which hemisphere is the South magnetic pole located?

A

Northern Hemisphere

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8
Q

At what degree does Earth’s axis tilt?

A

11.7°

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9
Q

Can the magnetic poles change?

A

yes

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10
Q

What is the large- scale movement where the magnetic poles switch?

A

magnetic reversals

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11
Q

How often do the magnetic reversals occur?

A

~200,000 years

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12
Q

When were the last magnetic reversals?

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

Which part of Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

the magnetosphere

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14
Q

What are the two scientific names for the Northern and Southern lights?

A 
Aurora Borealis (N)
Aurora Australis (S)
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15
Q

How are the Auroras created?

A

electrical-charged particles collide w/ atoms in the atmosphere & emit light

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16
Q

When is Earth closest to the sun?

A

in early January, ~147 million km away

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17
Q

When is Earth farthest from the sun?

A

in early July, ~152 million km away

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18
Q

What is an area that is 15° wide in which the time is the same?

A

time zones

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19
Q

What is the spinning of Earth on its axis?

A

rotation

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20
Q

What is the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun?

A

revolution

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21
Q

What is the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun called?

A

ecliptic

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22
Q

What occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward or away from th esun?

A

solstice

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23
Q

Where is Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun?

A

equinox

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24
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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25
What was the symbol for degree taken from?
the sun
26
How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?
360°
27
How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?
23h 56m 4s
28
How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?
15°
29
What direction does the sun rise?
East
30
What direction does the sun set?
West
31
Are all time zones the same size?
No, they're modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key features
32
How many time zones are there in the world?
24
33
Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?
East
34
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
West
35
How many time zones are there in the United States?
six
36
What're the names of the US time zones?
Atlantic/Alaskan, Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Hawaiian Times
37
What is the movement of the sun from noon one day, to noon the next?
solar day
38
What is the movement of a star position from one day, to the same star position the next?
sidereal day
39
What are the two main reasons for seasons?
tilt & revolution
40
Which two seasons have a solstice?
summer & winter
41
Which month is the summer solstice?
June 21
42
Which month is the winter solstice?
December 21
43
Which two seasons are equinoxes?
spring & fall
44
Which month is the spring equinox?
March 20/21
45
Which month is the fall equinox?
September 22/23
46
When is the longest day of the year?
summer solstice - June 21
47
When is the shortest day of the year?
winter solstice - December 21
48
When are the days almost 12 hours of a day and 12 of night?
equinoxes - March 21/22 & September 22/23
49
What is the rise and fall in the ocean surface?
tide
50
What reflects the change in appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth?
moon phase
51
What occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and the earth?
solar eclipse
52
What occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon?
lunar eclipse
53
What are the dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the moon's surface?
maria
54
What is the layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids, comets, and the moon?
regolith
55
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?
27.3 days
56
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?
synodic month
57
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
no
58
What causes a tide to rise/fall?
gravitational pulls by the sun & moon
59
What is the rise of sea level called?
high tide
60
After the sea level rises, how many hours does it take it to drop back down?
~6hrs
61
Which is farther from the Earth, the sun or the moon?
Sun
62
Does the sun or the moon have a greater effect on Earth's tides?
moon
63
How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned for a spring tide?
Sun Earth Moon
64
How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned for a neap tide?
(90) Moon | Sun Earth
65
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
position of Sun, Moon, & Earth
66
When does a new moon occur?
Moon is between Earth & Sun
67
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
68
What is the definition of the waxing phase?
illuminated portion grows
69
What is the definition of the waning phase?
illuminated portion decreases
70
What are the moon phase names?
New Moon, Waxing Crescent, 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent,
71
Where is the word month derived from?
moon
72
How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned during a solar eclipse?
Sun Moon Earth
73
What is an umbra?
darkest part of Moon's shadow
74
What is a penumbra?
lightest part of Moon's shadow
75
How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned during a lunar eclipse?
Sun Earth Moon
76
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
meteorites, asteroids, & comets
77
Are there mountains on the moon?
yes
78
Which side of the moon is thicker?
far side
79
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid?
solid
80
What did the Clementine spacecraft do? (two things)
confirmed thickness & provided info on mineral content of the moon
81
What did the Lunar Prospector do? (three things)
took photos of surface, confirmed small iron-rich core, & collected presence of water-ice on the moon
82
What is the Giant Impact Theory?
a Mars-sized object collided with Earth which sent debris into orbit that became the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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