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Physical Science > Chptr 29 > Flashcards

Chptr 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center all the way around called?

A

sphere

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2
Q

What is an elongated, closed curve with two foci called?

A

ellipse

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3
Q

Is a Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, the diameter (equator) is slightly further than pole to pole (42km difference).

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4
Q

What are three ancient observations that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

any object that falls, falls straight down
the Earth’s shadow on the moon is curved
people in different parts of the world see different stars

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5
Q

What are two factors that effect gravitational strength?

A

masses & distance

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

harmful radiation from the sun

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7
Q

Which hemisphere is the South magnetic pole located?

A

Northern Hemisphere

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8
Q

At what degree does Earth’s axis tilt?

A

11.7°

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9
Q

Can the magnetic poles change?

A

yes

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10
Q

What is the large- scale movement where the magnetic poles switch?

A

magnetic reversals

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11
Q

How often do the magnetic reversals occur?

A

~200,000 years

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12
Q

When were the last magnetic reversals?

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

Which part of Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

the magnetosphere

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14
Q

What are the two scientific names for the Northern and Southern lights?

A 
Aurora Borealis (N)
Aurora Australis (S)
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15
Q

How are the Auroras created?

A

electrical-charged particles collide w/ atoms in the atmosphere & emit light

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16
Q

When is Earth closest to the sun?

A

in early January, ~147 million km away

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17
Q

When is Earth farthest from the sun?

A

in early July, ~152 million km away

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18
Q

What is an area that is 15° wide in which the time is the same?

A

time zones

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19
Q

What is the spinning of Earth on its axis?

A

rotation

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20
Q

What is the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun?

A

revolution

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21
Q

What is the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun called?

A

ecliptic

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22
Q

What occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward or away from th esun?

A

solstice

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23
Q

Where is Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun?

A

equinox

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24
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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25
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

the sun

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26
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360°

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27
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

23h 56m 4s

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28
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15°

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29
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

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30
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

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31
Q

Are all time zones the same size?

A

No, they’re modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key features

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32
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

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33
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

34
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

35
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

six

36
Q

What’re the names of the US time zones?

A

Atlantic/Alaskan, Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Hawaiian Times

37
Q

What is the movement of the sun from noon one day, to noon the next?

A

solar day

38
Q

What is the movement of a star position from one day, to the same star position the next?

A

sidereal day

39
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

tilt & revolution

40
Q

Which two seasons have a solstice?

A

summer & winter

41
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21

42
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21

43
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

spring & fall

44
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20/21

45
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22/23

46
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

summer solstice - June 21

47
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

winter solstice - December 21

48
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of a day and 12 of night?

A

equinoxes - March 21/22 & September 22/23

49
Q

What is the rise and fall in the ocean surface?

A

tide

50
Q

What reflects the change in appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth?

A

moon phase

51
Q

What occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and the earth?

A

solar eclipse

52
Q

What occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon?

A

lunar eclipse

53
Q

What are the dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the moon’s surface?

A

maria

54
Q

What is the layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids, comets, and the moon?

A

regolith

55
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 days

56
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

synodic month

57
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

58
Q

What causes a tide to rise/fall?

A

gravitational pulls by the sun & moon

59
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

high tide

60
Q

After the sea level rises, how many hours does it take it to drop back down?

A

~6hrs

61
Q

Which is farther from the Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

Sun

62
Q

Does the sun or the moon have a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

moon

63
Q

How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned for a spring tide?

A

Sun Earth Moon

64
Q

How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned for a neap tide?

A

(90) Moon

Sun Earth

65
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

position of Sun, Moon, & Earth

66
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

Moon is between Earth & Sun

67
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

8

68
Q

What is the definition of the waxing phase?

A

illuminated portion grows

69
Q

What is the definition of the waning phase?

A

illuminated portion decreases

70
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New Moon, Waxing Crescent, 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent,

71
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

moon

72
Q

How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

Sun Moon Earth

73
Q

What is an umbra?

A

darkest part of Moon’s shadow

74
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

lightest part of Moon’s shadow

75
Q

How are the sun, earth, and moon, aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

Sun Earth Moon

76
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

meteorites, asteroids, & comets

77
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

yes

78
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

far side

79
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid?

A

solid

80
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do? (two things)

A

confirmed thickness & provided info on mineral content of the moon

81
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do? (three things)

A

took photos of surface, confirmed small iron-rich core, & collected presence of water-ice on the moon

82
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

a Mars-sized object collided with Earth which sent debris into orbit that became the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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