CH 25

Question 1

a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

Answer 1

mid-ocean ridge

Question 2

a long, narrow depression that forms in between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

Answer 2

rift valley

Question 3

the boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

convergent plate boundary

Question 4

the process of which when a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent

Answer 4

subduction

Question 5

the boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Answer 5

divergent plate boundary

Question 6

boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Answer 6

transform plate boundary

Question 7

the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults

Answer 7

earthquake

Question 8

a crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

Answer 8

fault

Question 9

a sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

Answer 9

elastic rebound

Question 10

the point of origin for an earthquake

Answer 10

focus

Question 11

the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 11

epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What were some pieces of evidence that supported Wegener’s hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. coastlines linked up nearly perfectly
2. large land animal fossils
3. mountain ranges and rocks types link up

Question 14

What was the name of this super-continent?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

How did Harry Hess map the bottom of the seafloor?

Answer 16

sonar

Question 17

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge (MOR) system?

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

Where is the youngest seafloor rock located?

Answer 18

near the MOR

Question 19

What are the types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

divergent, convergent, transform

Question 20

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 20

they collide

Question 21

Subduction zones only occur during which type of plate boundary?

Answer 21

convergent plate boundary

Question 22

What two types of crust are involved in plate movement?

Answer 22

oceanic crust & continental crust

Question 23

What are the types of land forms that can be created when oceanic crust and continental crust converge?

Answer 23

deep-sea trenches & volcanoes

Question 24

What types of land forms can be created when two oceanic crusts converge?

Answer 24

deep-sea trenches & hot spots (creates islands)

Question 25

What type of land forms can be created when two continental crusts converge?

Answer 25

mountains

Question 26

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 26

apart

Question 27

What are two specific examples of divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 27

MOR (oceanic crust only) & the East African Rift

Question 28

How do transform plate boundaries move?

Answer 28

they slide past each other

Question 29

What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?

Answer 29

the San Andreas Fault (two continental crusts)

Question 30

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 30

together

Question 31

How does a convection current work?

Answer 31

1. magma heats, becomes less dense, rises | 2. rock cools, becomes more dense, sinks

Question 32

What are other forces that help plate movement?

Answer 32

slab pull, ridge push, friction

Question 33

What types of plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

Answer 33

divergent & transform

Question 34

Which type of plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

Answer 34

convergent

Question 35

What are the four types of stress that can be applied to rocks?

Answer 35

1. compression 2. tension 3. shear 4. torsion

Question 36

What are the types of deformation?

Answer 36

elastic & plastic

Question 37

What happens to a rock during elastic deformation?

Answer 37

Soon as the stress is released, it returns to it's original shape.

Question 38

What happens to a rock during plastic deformation?

Answer 38

After the stress is released, it stays in the new shape.

Question 39

What types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 39

primary waves, secondary waves, & surface waves

Question 40

Which type of seismic wave moves the fastest?

Answer 40

primary wave (p-wave)

Question 41

How do primary waves move?

Answer 41

compression waves

Question 42

How do secondary waves move?

Answer 42

transversal waves

Question 43

What types of materials can p-waves move through?

Answer 43

solids & liquids

Question 44

What types of materials can s-waves move through?

Answer 44

solids

Question 45

Which waves are the most complex/dangerous?

Answer 45

surface waves

Question 46

What two scales are used to help measure earthquakes?

Answer 46

the Ritcher Scale and the Mercalli Scale

Question 47

What does the Ritcher Scale measure?

Answer 47

the amount of energy released?

Question 48

What does the Mercalli Scale measure?

Answer 48

the amount of damage caused