CH 25.3 & 25.4

Question 1

What is the boundary that marks density change between layers?

Answer 1

discontinuity

Question 2

How are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

seismic waves

Question 3

What are shadow zones?

Answer 3

areas where seismic waves aren’t recorded

Question 4

What’s another name for a shadow zone?

Answer 4

dead zone

Question 5

Between which degree ranges to shadow zones fall?

Answer 5

105-140 degrees from the epicenter

Question 6

Is the outer core a liquid or a solid?

Answer 6

liquid

Question 7

Is the inner core a liquid or a solid?

Answer 7

solid - due to pressure

Question 8

What makes up the lithosphere?

Answer 8

crust & upper mantle

Question 9

What is the asthenosphere?

Answer 9

weaker, plastic-like layer on which Earth’s plates move

Question 10

Which elements make up the mantle?

Answer 10

calcium, aluminum, iron, & magnesium

Question 11

Which elements make up the core?

Answer 11

iron & nickle

Question 12

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Answer 12

viscosity

Question 13

The chemical compound silicon dioxide which is a common ingredient in most magma.

Answer 13

silica

Question 14

When an eruption of high-temperature, gas-rich, mafic lava takes place, eruptive products often are ejected into the air explosively as a porous, dark colored rock called cinder.

Answer 14

cinder cone volcano

Question 15

Broad, flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows.

Answer 15

shield volcano

Question 16

Large and steep-sided, often thousand meters high and tens of kilometres across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash.

Answer 16

composite volcano

Question 17

What is molten, or liquid, rock stored inside Earth called?

Answer 17

magma

Question 18

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

Answer 18

along the Pacific Ocean shoreline

Question 19

Which two specific locations have volcanic activity due to divergent plate boundaries.

Answer 19

Mid Atlantic Rift & East African Rift

Question 20

Are hot spots stationary?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What can hot spots create?

Answer 21

islands - the Hawaiian Islands

Question 22

If the viscosity is higher, will the fluid move more swiftly, or more gradually?

Answer 22

more slowly

Question 23

If magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

Answer 23

more silica

Question 24

What is pyroclastic material?

Answer 24

any solid material that erupts from a volcano

Question 25

What is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 25

volcanic ash

Question 26

What is the largest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 26

volcanic blocks & bombs

Question 27

What types of gases erupt from a volcano?

Answer 27

water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide

Question 28

How are volcanoes classified?

Answer 28

size, shape, and the materials that erupt

Question 29

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 29

cinder cone volcanoes, shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes