Chptr. 26

Question 1

naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in it’s powered form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

the ability for a mineral to break along preferred planes of weakness to create sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

the ability for a mineral to break with irregular surfaces

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

a mineral’s resistance to scratching

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

molten rock material inside Earth’s surface

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

A mineral is what three things?

Answer 7

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, & crystalline

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

Answer 8

oxygen & silicon

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

material that is nonliving

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

breakage, hardness, & crystal shape

Question 11

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

1. streak
2. luster
3. cleavage
4. fracture
5. atomic arrangement
6. crystal shape
7. hardness

Question 12

What are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

non-metallic & metallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

very easily, metal-like

Question 14

How does non-metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

glassy, waxy, pearly, or earth-y

Question 15

How do you preform a steak test?

Answer 15

rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

Question 16

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

cleavage/fracture

Question 17

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs Scale of Hardness

Question 18

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

six

Question 20

What do minerals grow from?

Answer 20

inside-out

Question 21

What are the three ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

molten rock, hot water, & evaporation

Question 22

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

silicates & non silicates

Question 23

Which mineral group in the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

Answer 23

silicates

Question 24

What elements are Silicates made up of?

Answer 24

silicon & oxygen

Question 25

Non-silicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

silicon

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

quartz

Question 27

What is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass?

Answer 27

rock

Question 28

How are rocks identified?

Answer 28

composition & texture

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

size, shape, & arrangement of the rock's components

Question 30

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 30

within Earth's crust

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive rocks form from?

Answer 31

magma

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive rocks form from?

Answer 31

igneous rocks

Question 32

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate mineral?

Answer 32

Bowen's Reaction Series

Question 33

What are the three types of magma?

Answer 33

mafic, felsic, & intermediate

Question 34

Which magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 34

basaltic

Question 35

Which magma type has a high silica content?

Answer 35

rhyolitic

Question 36

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?

Answer 36

continental crust

Question 37

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

Answer 37

intrusive igneous rocks

Question 38

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 38

extrusive igneous rocks

Question 39

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 39

quickly

Question 40

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 40

porphyritic & vesicular

Question 41

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 41

vesicular

Question 42

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 42

porphyritic

Question 43

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

Answer 43

Pumice

Question 44

What are small fragments of rocks and minerals called?

Answer 44

clasts

Question 45

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 45

wind, water, & other forces

Question 46

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 46

mechanically broken down clasts are pushed to new locations due to things such as water and wind currents

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 47

the destination which transported clasts finally settle and remain

Question 48

What is the space between loose, surface clasts called?

Answer 48

pore space

Question 49

What is the process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlaying material called?

Answer 49

compaction

Question 50

What is the process in which minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts called?

Answer 50

cementation

Question 51

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 51

compaction & cementation working together

Question 52

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 52

detritus

Question 53

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 53

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 54

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 54

gravel, sand, silt, clay

Question 55

Which clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 55

gravel

Question 56

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 56

conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, & shale

Question 57

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 57

from water that contains dissolved solids

Question 58

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 58

biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 59

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 59

limestone & coal

Question 60

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 60

biochemical, detrital, & chemical

Question 61

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 61

heat, pressure, & chemical reaction

Question 62

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 62

igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic rocks

Question 63

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 63

regional metamorphism

Question 64

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

Answer 64

contact metamorphism

Question 65

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 65

slate

Question 66

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 66

foliated & non-foliated textures

Question 67

What texture of rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands?

Answer 67

foliated texture

Question 68

What texture of rocks have crystals with more random orientations?

Answer 68

non-foliated texture

Question 69

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 69

texture & composition

Question 70

What is the continual changing of rocks from one type to another called?

Answer 70

rock cycle

Question 71

Which three rocks are a part of the rock cycle?

Answer 71

sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, & igneous rock

Question 72

What are the three types of rocks?

Answer 72

sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, & igneous rock

Question 73

Which type of rock form from molten rock?

Answer 73

igneous rock

Question 74

Which type of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once-living matter?

Answer 74

sedimentary rock

Question 75

Which type of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 75

metamorphic rocks

Question 76

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 76

minerals