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Chptr 28 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the layer that extends an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface?

A

troposphere

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2
Q

What occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable?

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

What is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation?

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

composition & temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen - 78%

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6
Q

What gas is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen - 21%

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7
Q

What is the remaining one percent of the atmosphere made up of?

A

trace gases (mostly Argon)

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8
Q

Within the Troposphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are there in the atmosphere?

A

five

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10
Q

How many layers are there in the atmosphere?

A

five

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11
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers? (ground up)

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

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12
Q

What layer is the Ozone layer found in?

A

the Stratosphere

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12
Q

What layer is the Ozone layer found in?

A

the Stratosphere

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13
Q

Within the Stratosphere, does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

increase

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14
Q

Does the temperature in the Mesosphere increase or decrease with altitude?

A

lower (50-80) - decreases

higher (80-100) - increases

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15
Q

Do the Thermosphere and Exosphere effect weather?

A

no

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16
Q

Where does 100% of our radiation come from?

A

the sun

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

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19
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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20
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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21
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

cirrus, stratus, & cumulus

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22
Q

What are layered, sheet-like clouds called?

A

stratus clouds

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23
Q

What are puffy clouds called?

A

cumulus clouds

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24
What are wispy, high-altitude clouds called?
cirrus clouds
25
What is the process of water circulating Earth?
the water cycle
26
What are all the steps of the water cycle?
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration, transpiration
27
What is a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air called?
jet stream
28
What is the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth's rotation called?
Coriolis effect
29
What is a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout?
air mass
30
What are the zones that air masses that interact in called?
weather front
31
How many jet streams are there in the world?
four
32
How many pressure systems are there and what are they?
Two: Low & High Pressure Systems
33
What are Low- Pressure Systems also known as?
a Low (L)
34
Which direction does a Low rotate?
counterclockwise
35
What are some results of a Low?
rising air, cloud formation, and precipitation
36
What are High- Pressure Systems also known as?
a High (H)
37
Which direction does a High rotate?
clockwise
38
What are some results of a High?
sinking air, clear skies
39
What are the four weather fronts?
cold front, warm front, occluded front, stationary front
40
How are cold fronts created?
cold air forces warm air upward in a fast & chaotic manner
41
How are cold fronts represented on a weather forecast?
blue triangles
42
How are warm fronts created?
warm air rises gently above cold air
43
How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?
red half- circles
44
How are stationary fronts created?
cold & warm air masses meet & neither front advances
45
How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast?
alternating blue triangles & red half- circles (tri. bottom, cir. top)
46
How are occluded fronts created?
a fast- moving cold front overtakes a slow- moving warm front
47
How are occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast?
alternating purple triangles & circles all on the top
48
What is the name of a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean?
maritime climate
49
What is the name of a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean?
continental climate
50
What blows from over water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water?
sea breeze
51
What is the long-term average of weather conditions?
climate
52
What is the day-to-day outdoor conditions?
weather
53
What are the five spheres that make up the Earth's system?
atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere
54
What is the air around us a part of?
atmosphere
55
What is everything organic a part of?
biosphere
56
What is all liquid water a part of?
hydrosphere
57
What is all frozen water a part of?
cryosphere
58
What is the outermost layer of Earth?
lithosphere
59
What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?
latitude
60
Where is solar radiation most intense on Earth's surface?
the equator
61
At which degree does the Sun's rays hit the tropical zones?
90°
62
At which degree does the Sun's rays hit the temperate zones?
45°
63
At which degree does the Sun's rays hit the polar zones?
30°
64
Which zone is Lamar, CO located in?
temperate
65
What other factors affect climate?
precipitation, mountains, water
66
What are the windward side conditions like?
cool & wet, excessive vegetation
67
What are the leeward side conditions like?
warm & dry, little to no vegetation
68
What blows from over land toward water in the night, when the land is colder than the water?
land breeze
69
Which climate zone, and which type of vegetation applies to Lamar, CO?
warm semi-arid, grassland
70
What is the average increase of temperatures of Earth's near-surface air and oceans called?
global warming
71
What is the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of the western South America that occurs every 3-10 years called?
El Niño
72
What occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal?
La Niña
73
What are two changes that Earth undergoes?
seasonal & long-term
74
How do seasonal changes occur?
Earth's revolution around the sun
75
Which hemisphere experiences summer?
the hemisphere tilted towards the sun
76
What was the period of time when most of Earth's surface was covered in ice called?
the ice age
77
About how long ago did the world climate reach it's current pattern?
~3,000 years ago
78
What are three factors that can cause climate change?
change in the Earth's tilt change in the Earth's orbit change in the Earth's seasons due to distance from the sun
79
How can humans impact climate change?
energy consumption, deforestation, industrial practices, & agricultural practices
80
What is the clearing of large areas of forest land called?
deforestation
81
How does deforestation affect climate change?
less trees = more CO2 = more heat

Physical Science (6 decks)

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