chpt 8: microbial growths

Question 1

study of modification of gene expression is known as

Answer 1

epigenetics

Question 2

function of hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

provide stabilty

Question 3

which molecule determines the parallel effect

Answer 3

sugar

Question 4

what molecule turns to bring bases close and allows extreme stability

Answer 4

sugar

Question 5

what is semi-conservative replication

Answer 5

1 new strand with 1 old/ parental strand

Question 6

DNA helicase
DNA gyrase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
are involved in

Answer 6

semi-conservative replication

Question 7

function of DNA helicase

Answer 7

unwinds/ unzips the helix

Question 8

which enzyme is responsible for stabilizing unwound parent DNA

Answer 8

DNA gyrase

Question 9

when is the replication strand formed

Answer 9

after the DNA is unwound

Question 10

two strands of replication fork is

Answer 10

• leading strand
• lagging strand

Question 11

which direction does the leading strand run from

Answer 11

5’-3’

Question 12

function of DNA polymerase

Answer 12

• proofread/ add new nucleotides continuously

Question 13

which strand uses DNA polymerase

Answer 13

leading strand

Question 14

how is the leading strand synthesized

Answer 14

• continously

Question 15

which strand has its direction as 3’-5’

Answer 15

lagging strand

Question 16

what makes the lagging strand unique

Answer 16

• synthesized in short fragments
• not recognized by DNA polymerase

Question 17

which enzyme in a lagging strand prepares RNA primer so the DNA polymerase can recognize it

Answer 17

RNA polymerase

Question 18

how does DNA polymerase add nucleotides in the lagging strand

Answer 18

discontinuously in short fragments called okazaki fragments

Question 19

function of DNA ligase

Answer 19

fills in the Okazaki fragments

Question 20

info in dna is copied as RNA nucleotides sequences to produce mRNA is known as

Answer 20

transcription

Question 21

what is copied in transcription

Answer 21

• segment of DNA known as a gene

Question 22

what is a promotor

Answer 22

site where RNA polymerase binds to DNA marking the beginning on transcription

Question 23

which DNA strand is used in transcription

Answer 23

5’-3’

Question 24

in which type of microbes does transcription occur in the nuclues

Answer 24

eurkaroytes

Question 25

where does transcription occurs in prokaryotes

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

what allows RNA to exit the nuclues

Answer 26

• single strand
• RNA splicing

Question 27

what happens in the process of RNA splicing

Answer 27

introns are cut away and exons join

Question 28

function of exons

Answer 28

expressed region of DNA found on RNA

Question 29

what is the unexpressed region of DNA on RNA

Answer 29

introns

Question 30

which enzymes helps with RNA splicing

Answer 30

ribozyme

Question 31

does RNA splicing occur in prokaryotes

Answer 31

no

Question 32

function of translation

Answer 32

making proteins from mRNA

Question 33

condon is

Answer 33

3 nucleotides that code for 1 a.a

Question 34

AUG is

Answer 34

universla start codon

Question 35

universal stop aka nonsense condons are

Answer 35

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 36

function of tRNA

Answer 36

carry a,a on acceptor arm

Question 37

which part of the tRNA carries an anticodon

Answer 37

long arm

Question 38

what is the site of translation

Answer 38

rRNA / ribosomes

Question 39

which direction does translation occur

Answer 39

5’-3’

Question 40

how does protein synthesis occur

Answer 40

2 subunits of ribosomes joining

Question 41

when can translation begin before transcription is done and why

Answer 41

in prokaryotes cuz transcription occurs in plasma

Question 42

what determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted to a.a

Answer 42

genetic code

Question 43

how many codons code for 20 a.a

Answer 43

64

Question 44

what determines the type of aminio acid that will be produced

Answer 44

codons on mRNA