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124 > chpt 13: viruses > Flashcards

chpt 13: viruses Flashcards

1
Q

why are viruses considered alive

A

cuz they cause infection and disease

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2
Q

what makes viruses viruses

A
  • contain single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • contain a protein coat
  • multiply inside cells
  • cause synthesis of specialized structures
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3
Q

what are bacteriophaes/ phages

A

viruses that infect bacteria

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4
Q

fully developed infectious composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat outside a host cell is

A

virion

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5
Q

are virions obligate parasites

A

virion

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6
Q

what makes a virion a virion

A
  • genome or DNA or RNA
  • caspid
  • envelope (sometimes)
  • spkies (sometimes)
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7
Q

what separates virions into categories

A

genome

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8
Q

what is caspid made of

A
  • protien coat
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9
Q

function of capsid

A
  • protection for genome
  • attachment to host cell
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10
Q

what takes up most of the mass of the virus

A

capsid

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11
Q

what is made of protein, CHO or phospholipids

A

envelope

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12
Q

location of envople

A

on top of capsid

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13
Q

what determines the proteins of envelope

A

viral nucleic acid and from host

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14
Q

what are spikes made of

A
  • protein
  • CHO
    = glycoprotein (GP)
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15
Q

function of hemeaggulitation spike (HA)

A
  • used for entry into host cell
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16
Q

what causes mutations in HA

A

protein changing in spike

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17
Q

what is used for identity of viruses

A

spikes (HA)

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18
Q

what is used to leave host cell

A
  • neuraminidase spille (NA)
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19
Q

what kind of genome does HIV have

A

2 identical RNA strand

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20
Q

how does HIV infect

A
  • attachment
  • fusion
  • entry
  • multiply
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21
Q

structure of HIV

A
  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
  • GP spike
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22
Q

what kind of GP does HIV have

A
  • gp-41
  • gp-120
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23
Q

what is enzyme-reverse transcriptase

A

enzyme that HIV carries
- uses viral RNA as template to produce complementary double stranded DNA

24
Q

where does HIV bind to human cells

A

CD4 receptor on Th

25
Q

what is it called when RNA turns to DNA

A

reverse transcription

26
Q

provirus is

A

an virsus that makes new molecules for itself within the host, makes more DNA
- viral DNA intergrade into host cell chromosome

27
Q

how does medication attack HIV

A
  • attacks the reverse transcription process
28
Q

how does medication attack HIV

A
  • attacks the reverse transcription process
29
Q

how is viral load determined

A

based on number of virions in blood

30
Q

how many virons does it take to cause an infection

A

1 or 2

31
Q

what kinda of infections can occur after having HIV for a while

A
  • cancer
  • fungal
  • herpes
32
Q

when is there a 50% decrease in CD4 count

A

stage A of HIV

33
Q

how is rate of infection. likelihood of one being infected occurred

A

amount of CD4 present
- more CD4 = less likely to be infected

34
Q

what happens in stage B of HIV

A
  • count drops to 499-200
  • cancer can occur
35
Q

at which stage of HIV is the CD4 less than 200

A

stage C

36
Q

once the viral DNA is the host cell does it come out

A

no

37
Q

first step in viral maturation

A
  • assembly of protein capsid
38
Q

budding is

A

process of envolpe developing

39
Q

extrusion of virus from host cell =

A

method of release

40
Q

how does a non-envolpe virus release

A

through ruptures in host cell pls mem = death of host

41
Q

where does RNA of a virus multiply

A

in the cytoplasm

42
Q

where is RNA- dependent RNA polymerase made

A

in host cell

43
Q

active infection is

A
  • making new virion and regeneration
44
Q

examples of latent infection

A
  • simplexvirus/ cold sores
45
Q

hiding and reemerging of an infection is known as

A

latent infection

46
Q

why is it difficult to make a vaccine for HIV

A

mutations

47
Q

retrovirus is

A

a RNA virus that has enzyme reverse transcriptase

48
Q

lytic infection is

A

acute, virus eventually kills all cells

49
Q

a cold is an example of

A

a lytic infection

50
Q

what type of infection can go on for years with virions building up

A

persistent infections

51
Q

meseasles and HIV ____ infections

A

persistent

52
Q

what affects brain cells and causes brain degeneration

A

meseasles

53
Q

latent infection function

A
  • acute infection at some point, hides and reemerge with new virions and symptoms
54
Q

fever blisters/ cold sores, shingles / chicken pox = ____ infection

A

latent

55
Q

what type of infection converts normal cells to cancer cells

A

oncogensis infection

56
Q

examples of ocognesis infection

A
  • kerp
  • burkittis lymphoma (herpes-4) = oral cavity tumor
  • nasophrangyeal cancer (herpes-4)

124 (6 decks)

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