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124 > chpt 11: gram - vs gram + prokaryotes (eubacteria) > Flashcards

chpt 11: gram - vs gram + prokaryotes (eubacteria) Flashcards

1
Q

examples of gram - proterobacteria

A
  • alpha
  • beta
  • gamma
  • delta
  • elipson
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2
Q

rickesstia ricksetti is an example of

A

alpha gram - proterobacteria

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3
Q

shape of rickesstia ricksetti + chemical determinant

A

coccobaciluus, bacillus and aerobic

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4
Q

example of parasites

A

rickesstia ricksetti

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5
Q

how is rickesstia ricksetti spread

A

by insects or ticks

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6
Q

spotter fever, red rash, damage to cardiovascular system (causes changes in permeability of bv) is caused by

A

rickesstia ricksetti

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7
Q

bordetta pertussis and neisseria are examples of

A

beta gram - proterobacteria

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8
Q

bordetta perussis causes and why

A

whooping cough (infants) cuz of the presence of the capsule

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9
Q

shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis

A

aerobic and baccilus

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10
Q

shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis

A

aerobic and bacillus

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11
Q

what are two neisseria sub species

A
  • n. gonorrhea
  • n. meningitis
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12
Q

chemical factor and inhabition of neisseria

A

aerobic + mucous membranes

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13
Q

structure and shape of n. gonorrhea

A

dipoloccio, capluse and frimbra

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14
Q

which is a really bad type of meningisits

A

n. meningitis

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15
Q

shape and structure of n. meningitis

A

capsule and diplococci

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16
Q

exmaples of gamma gram - proterobacteria

A
  • pseudomonadales
  • legionellales
  • vibronaleo
  • enteriobacteriates
  • pastuerellales
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17
Q

moraxella lacunata and pseduomma aeruginosa are examples of

A

pseudomonadales

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18
Q

what do all pseudomonadales have in common

A
  • aerobic
  • almost the same genetic capacity as eukaryote yeasts
  • synthesize large amount of enzymes and metabolize a lot
  • HAVE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
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19
Q

shape and structures of pseduomma aeruginosa

A
  • rod
  • mono or lipo flagella
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20
Q

what gram - proteobacteria produces a water soluble green/ blue pigment through the body

A

pseduomma aeruginosa

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21
Q

where are pseduomma aeruginosa found

A

soil and other natural enviorment

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22
Q

what do pseduomma aeruginosa cause

A
  • abescesses
  • infection in burn wounds that cause death
  • UTIs
  • cystic fibrosis
  • meningitisi
  • food spoilage through psychotrophes
  • blood injfections such as sepsis
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23
Q

what may be a contamination source found in dirty mop waters in hospitals

A

pseduomma aeruginosa

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24
Q

shape and structure of morexlla lacuanta

A

coccobacillus and aerobic

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25
Q

what causes conjunctivitis / pink eye

A

morexlla lacuanta

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26
Q

examples of legionellales

A
  • legionella pneumophila
  • coxiella burnetti
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27
Q

what can happen when one has legionella pneumophila

A
  • pontaic fever (mild pnemonia that is more common)
    OR
  • legionnaries diease (fatal)
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28
Q

shape and chemical factor of legionella pneumophila

A

aerobic, rod

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29
Q

which gamma diesease is spread by water (AC, shower heads, water fountains, supply water)

A

legionella pneumophila

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30
Q

who is more affected by coxiella burnetti

A

farm people, as the it is spread through animal placenta

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31
Q

symptoms of coxiella burnetti

A

mild pneumonia and Q fever

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32
Q

chemical factor and structure of vibrio cholera

A

-FACULATIVELY anaerobic
- polar flagella

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33
Q

what causes watery diarrhea (rice water stool), has dead cells and electrolytes and can cause death

A

vibrio cholera

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34
Q

which type of gamma bacterias are:
- all rods
- facultatively anaerobic
- peritrchous flaggella
- have all frimbrae
- pili when needed
- effect the colon region
- produces bacteriocins

A

enteriobacteriates

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35
Q

example of enteriobacteriates

A
  • e. coli
  • salmonella
  • shingella dysenteria
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36
Q

function of bactericins

A
  • destroy other species of bacteria
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37
Q

whar enteriobacteriates is known as a lab pet and used to determine water purity

A

e. coli

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38
Q

e. coli is also known as

A

travellers diarehha

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39
Q

what casues e coli

A

consuming food or water that contains fecal matter

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40
Q

symptoms of e coli include

A
  • gastroenteritis
  • UTI
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41
Q

types of salmonella

A
  • s. entrica
  • s. typhi
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42
Q

what do all salmonella have in common

A
  • all are pathogenic
  • live in gi tract
  • have flagella and capsule that serve as antigens
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43
Q

what g - protoerbacteria is infectious to warm bllood animals, is known as salomonellosis, most common, causes gastrientisis

A

salmonella entrica

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44
Q

which salmonella is always casued by food

A

s. entrica

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45
Q

how is s. typhi spread

A

humans through urine or feces

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46
Q

which of the salomenlla bacteria is more srs

A

s. typhi

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47
Q

symptom of s. typhi

A

typhoid fever

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48
Q

what occurs when fecal matter enters orally

A

shigella dysnetria aka shigellosis

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49
Q

symptoms of shigella dysenteria

A
  • sever dehydration
  • death
  • more children are vulnerable
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50
Q

which gamma sub bacteria are non motile

A

pasterurellales

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51
Q

example of pasterurellales is

A

hemophillus influenza

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52
Q

where does hemophillus influenza inhabit

A

mucous membrane:
- upper respiratory tract
- mouth
- vagina
- GI tract

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53
Q

what kinda media does hemophillus influenza need to grow

A

chocolate agar

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54
Q

symptoms of hemophillus influenza

A
  • meningitis in 6 months old to 4 yrs
  • atypical (mild) pneumonia
  • ottis media ( middle ear infection)
  • sinusitis
  • epiglottis
  • mild arthritis
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55
Q

why does hemophillus influenza grow under aerobic conditons

A

needs the ETC which is provided by the blood

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56
Q

which components of the ETC/ blood are needed by hemophillus influenza

A
  • v factor
  • x factor
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57
Q

NAD+ and NADP+ is part of

A

v factor

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58
Q

what does x-factor provide

A

cytochrome

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59
Q

which gram - proterobacteria produces zero illness that harm humans

A

delta

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60
Q

what do the two elipson disease have in common

A
  • microaerophiles
  • vibrios
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61
Q

helicobaerta pylori and camplybacteria jejuni are examples of

A

gram - proterobacteria : EPSLION

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62
Q

what type of flagella does helicobaerta pylori have

A

periarchous flaggela

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63
Q

peptide ulces and stiomach cancer is caused by

A

helicobaerta pylori

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64
Q

which elipson disease is worse

A

helicobaerta pylori

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65
Q

which elipson has a monoacrhous flagella

A

camplybacteria jejuni

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66
Q

abdominal cramps and diarrhoea is caused by

A

camplybacteria jejuni

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67
Q

is camplybacteria jejuni food borne

A

yes

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68
Q

chlamydiae is an example of

A

gram - non proterobacteria

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69
Q

what does the cell wall of chlamydiae lack

A

PG

70
Q

shape and chemcial factor of chlamydiae

A
  • coccobaccluis
  • aerobic
71
Q

what is spread through
- sexual contact
- interpersonal contact (sharing towels)
- airborne respiratory

A

chlamydiae

72
Q

where does chlamydiae trachomitis grow

A

eukaryootic cells

73
Q

what is the #1 leading cause of blindness

A

eye infection, trachome, caused by chlamydiae trachomitis

74
Q

examples of STIs caused by chlamydiae trachomitis

A

non-goncoccal urthtits
lympho granulosma unereum

75
Q

swollen lymph nodes accompany

A

chlamydiae trachomitis

76
Q

what is the elementary body of chlamydiae trachomitis

A

infective part that kills host cells

77
Q

reticulate body function in humans and cause

A
  • chlamydiae trachomitis
  • multiply
78
Q

examples of gram - non-proteobacteria

A
  • chlamdydiae
  • fusobacteria
  • bacteriodetes
  • spirochaetes
79
Q

treponema pallidum is an example of

A

spirochaetes, gram - nonproteobacteria

80
Q

where are many spirochaetes are found

A

human oral cavity

81
Q

which gram - non proteo bacteria move with axial filament/ endoflaggella

A

spirochaetes

82
Q

what causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

83
Q

can syphilis grow in vitro/ agar

A

no

84
Q

fusobacterium shape and chemical factor

A
  • pointed rod/ spindle shape
  • anaerobic
85
Q

what causes ginvitus and dental abscess

A

fusobacterium

86
Q

what results from puncture wounds or surgery

A

bacteriode sp

87
Q

shape and chemical component of bacteriode sp

A
  • typical rod and anaerobic
  • non motile
88
Q

where does bacteriode sp live

A

human intestinal tract

89
Q

what can cause a bowel infection known as peritonitis

A

bacteriode sp

90
Q

examples of gram + bacterium

A
  • fermicules
  • ternicutes
  • actinobacteria
91
Q

examples of gram + fermicules

A
  • streptococcus
  • clostridales
  • bacillales
  • lactobacillales
  • listeria
  • enterococcus
92
Q

what do the 4 clostridium bacterium have in common

A
  • lollipop rods
  • endospores on one end
  • anaerobes
  • soil microbes
93
Q

what occurs when antibody therapy alters normal intestinal microbes

A

c. diff

94
Q

what happens with c. perfringes

A
  • death of tissue from decrease blood supply (gangrae)
  • common foodborn diarrhea
95
Q

examples of bacillales

A
  • b. anthracis
  • staphylococcus aures
  • s. epidermus
96
Q

is b. anthracis non- motile and a soil microbe

A

yes

97
Q

where are the endospore located in b. anthracis

A

middle

98
Q

chemical factor of b.anthracis

A
  • aerobic or FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
99
Q

how is b. anthraic given to human

A

through lifestock products: meat, leather, hide

100
Q

function of the gold colour/ shine of staphylococcus aures

A

some protection from antimicrobial effects of sunlight

101
Q

chemical factor of staphylococcus aures

A

FACULTATIVELY anaerobic

102
Q

what can be found in nasal cavity and ham and cured meats

A

staphylococcus aures

103
Q

what does staphylococcus aures cause

A
  • skin infection (stye)
  • TSS
  • food poisoning (fast)
104
Q

what disease can become pathogenic when the skin is cut

A

s. epidermis

105
Q

function of s. epidermis

A
  • keep skin healthy
106
Q

which fermicules is non pathogenic

A
  • lactobacillales
107
Q

shape and chemical factor of lactobacillus sp

A

rods and aerotolerant (fermenters)

108
Q

what does lactobacillus sp lack and cant use

A

lack cytochrome system and cant use O2

109
Q

where is lactobacillus sp found

A
  • vagina
  • intestinal tract
  • oral cavity
110
Q

what inhibits growth of competing organism in lactobacillus sp

A

the lactic acid produced

111
Q

what is good for female health

A

lactobacillus sp

112
Q

when does lactobacillus sp increase in females

A

during puberty and pregnancy

113
Q

significane of increased lactobacillus sp during puberty

A
  • metabolized sugar from estrogen, increase in lactic acid which makes the vagina acidic
114
Q

what does excessive cleaning of vagina cause in realtion to lactobacillus sp

A

UTIs

115
Q

where do babies get most of their lactobacillus sp from

A
  • exit through vaginal canal
116
Q

what gram + bacteria causes many illness and many diseases (most pathogenic)

A

streptococcus (fermicules)

117
Q

which gram + bacteria have low G+C

A

fermicules

118
Q

chemical factor of streptococcus

A

areotolerant

119
Q

what can be grown in blood agar

A

streptococcus

120
Q

examples of streptococcus

A

s. pyogens (strep throat)
s. pneumonia
s. mutants

121
Q

what does s. pyrogens cause

A
  • strep
  • rheumatic and scarlet fever
  • pharyngitis (sore throat)
  • middle eat infection
122
Q

what is beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus

A
  • s. pyogens
123
Q

what causes red cell death and end result is a clear zone

A

beta-hemolytic

124
Q

how does s.pyrogens attach and avoid phagocytosis

A
  • m. protein
  • capsule
125
Q

what metabolizes Hb, doesn’t kill rbc and produces a green zone and only occurs in the presence of O2

A

alpha- hemolytic

126
Q

what causes pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis

A
  • s. pneumonia
127
Q

how do s. mutants attach to teeth to cause dental caries

A

capsule

128
Q

s. pneumonia and mutants are aka

A

a-hemolytic

129
Q

chemical factor of enterococcus

A
  • FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
130
Q

where is enterococcus found

A
  • GI tract
  • vagina
  • oral cavity
  • human stool
131
Q

what gram + bacteria causes nosocomial infections in surgical wounds and catheters tips

A

enterococcus

132
Q

why are enterococcus called hardy microbes

A
  • live under fingernails
  • bedding
  • air
133
Q

mycoplasma is an example of

A

gram + tenericutes

134
Q

why are mycoplasma pleomorphic

A

lack cell wall

135
Q

smallest microbes are

A
  • mycoplasma
136
Q

which bacterium are mycoplasma similar to

A

lactobacillus

137
Q

what gram + has medium ?? g+c

A

tenericutes

138
Q

example of mycoplasma is

A

m. pneumoniae

139
Q

what type of pneumonia is knwon as walking pneumonia and is mild with a slight cough and fatigue and is common in uni kids

A

m. pneumoniae

140
Q

what is used to treat m. pneumoniae

A
  • tetracycline
141
Q

what is the ratio of G + C of actinobacteria

A

high

142
Q

examples of actinobacteria

A

mycobacteria
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
propionobacteria

143
Q

shape and chemical factor of mycobacteria

A
  • aerobic and rod
  • non endospore
144
Q

what does the cell wall of mycobacteria contain

A

mycolic acid

145
Q

what does myocolic acid protect the cell from

A
  • dryness
  • antiseptics
  • antibiotics
146
Q

which colonies take 4-6 weeks to grow, cuz nutrients are slow to enter

A

mycobacteria

147
Q

what time of staining is used for mycobacteria

A

acid-fast stain

148
Q

how is myocolic acid similar to - cell wall

A

lipopolysaccharide part

149
Q

how long does tb treatment take

A

9 months

150
Q

which mycobacteria is more likely to be more pathogenic to human

A

tuberculosis

151
Q

which mycobacteria treatment takes 6 months to 2 years

A

m. leprae

152
Q

where is m. leprae found

A
  • non pathogenic soil
  • water microbes
153
Q

which mycobacterium is a fast grower and infects wounds

A

m. leprae

154
Q

is tb a slow or fast grower

A
  • slow grower
155
Q

example of mycobacterium

A
  • tb
  • leprosy
  • cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
156
Q

shape and chemcial factor of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae

A

rods but also plemorphic
- anaerobic

157
Q

palisade (more common) and chinese alphabet are found in

A

cornyebacterium diphtitheriae

158
Q

what disease form pseudomembrane and upper resp diseases and eventually suffocate pt

A

cornyebacterium diphtitheriae

159
Q

structure of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae

A
  • have lil graunles that store P
160
Q

function of granules in cornyebacterium diphtitheriae

A

emit colour/ shine light through

161
Q

shape and chemical factor of propionobacteria

A
  • rod and anaerobic
162
Q

what causes most acne

A

propionobacteria acnes

163
Q

what is used for fermentation of swiss cheese

A

propionobacteria

164
Q

what produces propionic acid + co2 as an end result

A

swiss cheese

165
Q

what gives the flavour in swiss cheese

A

propionic acid

166
Q

function of CO2 in swiss cheese

A

causes cheese to form lil holes

167
Q

listeria monocytogenes chemical factor and shape

A

rods and facultatively anaerobic

168
Q

what disease is psychotropic and can centre through contaminated food cuts, nuts, soft cheese (feta), milk, and deli salads

A

listeria monocytogenes

169
Q

what does listeria monocytogenes cause

A
  • meningitis as it affects monocytes
  • really bad during pregnancy
170
Q

which streptococci bacteria is actually a diplococci

A

s. pneumonia

124 (6 decks)

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