chpt 11: gram - vs gram + prokaryotes (eubacteria) Flashcards
examples of gram - proterobacteria
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
- delta
- elipson
rickesstia ricksetti is an example of
alpha gram - proterobacteria
shape of rickesstia ricksetti + chemical determinant
coccobaciluus, bacillus and aerobic
example of parasites
rickesstia ricksetti
how is rickesstia ricksetti spread
by insects or ticks
spotter fever, red rash, damage to cardiovascular system (causes changes in permeability of bv) is caused by
rickesstia ricksetti
bordetta pertussis and neisseria are examples of
beta gram - proterobacteria
bordetta perussis causes and why
whooping cough (infants) cuz of the presence of the capsule
shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis
aerobic and baccilus
shape and chemical factor of bordetta perussis
aerobic and bacillus
what are two neisseria sub species
- n. gonorrhea
- n. meningitis
chemical factor and inhabition of neisseria
aerobic + mucous membranes
structure and shape of n. gonorrhea
dipoloccio, capluse and frimbra
which is a really bad type of meningisits
n. meningitis
shape and structure of n. meningitis
capsule and diplococci
exmaples of gamma gram - proterobacteria
- pseudomonadales
- legionellales
- vibronaleo
- enteriobacteriates
- pastuerellales
moraxella lacunata and pseduomma aeruginosa are examples of
pseudomonadales
what do all pseudomonadales have in common
- aerobic
- almost the same genetic capacity as eukaryote yeasts
- synthesize large amount of enzymes and metabolize a lot
- HAVE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
shape and structures of pseduomma aeruginosa
- rod
- mono or lipo flagella
what gram - proteobacteria produces a water soluble green/ blue pigment through the body
pseduomma aeruginosa
where are pseduomma aeruginosa found
soil and other natural enviorment
what do pseduomma aeruginosa cause
- abescesses
- infection in burn wounds that cause death
- UTIs
- cystic fibrosis
- meningitisi
- food spoilage through psychotrophes
- blood injfections such as sepsis
what may be a contamination source found in dirty mop waters in hospitals
pseduomma aeruginosa
shape and structure of morexlla lacuanta
coccobacillus and aerobic
what causes conjunctivitis / pink eye
morexlla lacuanta
examples of legionellales
- legionella pneumophila
- coxiella burnetti
what can happen when one has legionella pneumophila
- pontaic fever (mild pnemonia that is more common)
OR - legionnaries diease (fatal)
shape and chemical factor of legionella pneumophila
aerobic, rod
which gamma diesease is spread by water (AC, shower heads, water fountains, supply water)
legionella pneumophila
who is more affected by coxiella burnetti
farm people, as the it is spread through animal placenta
symptoms of coxiella burnetti
mild pneumonia and Q fever
chemical factor and structure of vibrio cholera
-FACULATIVELY anaerobic
- polar flagella
what causes watery diarrhea (rice water stool), has dead cells and electrolytes and can cause death
vibrio cholera
which type of gamma bacterias are:
- all rods
- facultatively anaerobic
- peritrchous flaggella
- have all frimbrae
- pili when needed
- effect the colon region
- produces bacteriocins
enteriobacteriates
example of enteriobacteriates
- e. coli
- salmonella
- shingella dysenteria
function of bactericins
- destroy other species of bacteria
whar enteriobacteriates is known as a lab pet and used to determine water purity
e. coli
e. coli is also known as
travellers diarehha
what casues e coli
consuming food or water that contains fecal matter
symptoms of e coli include
- gastroenteritis
- UTI
types of salmonella
- s. entrica
- s. typhi
what do all salmonella have in common
- all are pathogenic
- live in gi tract
- have flagella and capsule that serve as antigens
what g - protoerbacteria is infectious to warm bllood animals, is known as salomonellosis, most common, causes gastrientisis
salmonella entrica
which salmonella is always casued by food
s. entrica
how is s. typhi spread
humans through urine or feces
which of the salomenlla bacteria is more srs
s. typhi
symptom of s. typhi
typhoid fever
what occurs when fecal matter enters orally
shigella dysnetria aka shigellosis
symptoms of shigella dysenteria
- sever dehydration
- death
- more children are vulnerable
which gamma sub bacteria are non motile
pasterurellales
example of pasterurellales is
hemophillus influenza
where does hemophillus influenza inhabit
mucous membrane:
- upper respiratory tract
- mouth
- vagina
- GI tract
what kinda media does hemophillus influenza need to grow
chocolate agar
symptoms of hemophillus influenza
- meningitis in 6 months old to 4 yrs
- atypical (mild) pneumonia
- ottis media ( middle ear infection)
- sinusitis
- epiglottis
- mild arthritis
why does hemophillus influenza grow under aerobic conditons
needs the ETC which is provided by the blood
which components of the ETC/ blood are needed by hemophillus influenza
- v factor
- x factor
NAD+ and NADP+ is part of
v factor
what does x-factor provide
cytochrome
which gram - proterobacteria produces zero illness that harm humans
delta
what do the two elipson disease have in common
- microaerophiles
- vibrios
helicobaerta pylori and camplybacteria jejuni are examples of
gram - proterobacteria : EPSLION
what type of flagella does helicobaerta pylori have
periarchous flaggela
peptide ulces and stiomach cancer is caused by
helicobaerta pylori
which elipson disease is worse
helicobaerta pylori
which elipson has a monoacrhous flagella
camplybacteria jejuni
abdominal cramps and diarrhoea is caused by
camplybacteria jejuni
is camplybacteria jejuni food borne
yes
chlamydiae is an example of
gram - non proterobacteria
what does the cell wall of chlamydiae lack
PG
shape and chemcial factor of chlamydiae
- coccobaccluis
- aerobic
what is spread through
- sexual contact
- interpersonal contact (sharing towels)
- airborne respiratory
chlamydiae
where does chlamydiae trachomitis grow
eukaryootic cells
what is the #1 leading cause of blindness
eye infection, trachome, caused by chlamydiae trachomitis
examples of STIs caused by chlamydiae trachomitis
non-goncoccal urthtits
lympho granulosma unereum
swollen lymph nodes accompany
chlamydiae trachomitis
what is the elementary body of chlamydiae trachomitis
infective part that kills host cells
reticulate body function in humans and cause
- chlamydiae trachomitis
- multiply
examples of gram - non-proteobacteria
- chlamdydiae
- fusobacteria
- bacteriodetes
- spirochaetes
treponema pallidum is an example of
spirochaetes, gram - nonproteobacteria
where are many spirochaetes are found
human oral cavity
which gram - non proteo bacteria move with axial filament/ endoflaggella
spirochaetes
what causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
can syphilis grow in vitro/ agar
no
fusobacterium shape and chemical factor
- pointed rod/ spindle shape
- anaerobic
what causes ginvitus and dental abscess
fusobacterium
what results from puncture wounds or surgery
bacteriode sp
shape and chemical component of bacteriode sp
- typical rod and anaerobic
- non motile
where does bacteriode sp live
human intestinal tract
what can cause a bowel infection known as peritonitis
bacteriode sp
examples of gram + bacterium
- fermicules
- ternicutes
- actinobacteria
examples of gram + fermicules
- streptococcus
- clostridales
- bacillales
- lactobacillales
- listeria
- enterococcus
what do the 4 clostridium bacterium have in common
- lollipop rods
- endospores on one end
- anaerobes
- soil microbes
what occurs when antibody therapy alters normal intestinal microbes
c. diff
what happens with c. perfringes
- death of tissue from decrease blood supply (gangrae)
- common foodborn diarrhea
examples of bacillales
- b. anthracis
- staphylococcus aures
- s. epidermus
is b. anthracis non- motile and a soil microbe
yes
where are the endospore located in b. anthracis
middle
chemical factor of b.anthracis
- aerobic or FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
how is b. anthraic given to human
through lifestock products: meat, leather, hide
function of the gold colour/ shine of staphylococcus aures
some protection from antimicrobial effects of sunlight
chemical factor of staphylococcus aures
FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
what can be found in nasal cavity and ham and cured meats
staphylococcus aures
what does staphylococcus aures cause
- skin infection (stye)
- TSS
- food poisoning (fast)
what disease can become pathogenic when the skin is cut
s. epidermis
function of s. epidermis
- keep skin healthy
which fermicules is non pathogenic
- lactobacillales
shape and chemical factor of lactobacillus sp
rods and aerotolerant (fermenters)
what does lactobacillus sp lack and cant use
lack cytochrome system and cant use O2
where is lactobacillus sp found
- vagina
- intestinal tract
- oral cavity
what inhibits growth of competing organism in lactobacillus sp
the lactic acid produced
what is good for female health
lactobacillus sp
when does lactobacillus sp increase in females
during puberty and pregnancy
significane of increased lactobacillus sp during puberty
- metabolized sugar from estrogen, increase in lactic acid which makes the vagina acidic
what does excessive cleaning of vagina cause in realtion to lactobacillus sp
UTIs
where do babies get most of their lactobacillus sp from
- exit through vaginal canal
what gram + bacteria causes many illness and many diseases (most pathogenic)
streptococcus (fermicules)
which gram + bacteria have low G+C
fermicules
chemical factor of streptococcus
areotolerant
what can be grown in blood agar
streptococcus
examples of streptococcus
s. pyogens (strep throat)
s. pneumonia
s. mutants
what does s. pyrogens cause
- strep
- rheumatic and scarlet fever
- pharyngitis (sore throat)
- middle eat infection
what is beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus
- s. pyogens
what causes red cell death and end result is a clear zone
beta-hemolytic
how does s.pyrogens attach and avoid phagocytosis
- m. protein
- capsule
what metabolizes Hb, doesn’t kill rbc and produces a green zone and only occurs in the presence of O2
alpha- hemolytic
what causes pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis
- s. pneumonia
how do s. mutants attach to teeth to cause dental caries
capsule
s. pneumonia and mutants are aka
a-hemolytic
chemical factor of enterococcus
- FACULTATIVELY anaerobic
where is enterococcus found
- GI tract
- vagina
- oral cavity
- human stool
what gram + bacteria causes nosocomial infections in surgical wounds and catheters tips
enterococcus
why are enterococcus called hardy microbes
- live under fingernails
- bedding
- air
mycoplasma is an example of
gram + tenericutes
why are mycoplasma pleomorphic
lack cell wall
smallest microbes are
- mycoplasma
which bacterium are mycoplasma similar to
lactobacillus
what gram + has medium ?? g+c
tenericutes
example of mycoplasma is
m. pneumoniae
what type of pneumonia is knwon as walking pneumonia and is mild with a slight cough and fatigue and is common in uni kids
m. pneumoniae
what is used to treat m. pneumoniae
- tetracycline
what is the ratio of G + C of actinobacteria
high
examples of actinobacteria
mycobacteria
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
propionobacteria
shape and chemical factor of mycobacteria
- aerobic and rod
- non endospore
what does the cell wall of mycobacteria contain
mycolic acid
what does myocolic acid protect the cell from
- dryness
- antiseptics
- antibiotics
which colonies take 4-6 weeks to grow, cuz nutrients are slow to enter
mycobacteria
what time of staining is used for mycobacteria
acid-fast stain
how is myocolic acid similar to - cell wall
lipopolysaccharide part
how long does tb treatment take
9 months
which mycobacteria is more likely to be more pathogenic to human
tuberculosis
which mycobacteria treatment takes 6 months to 2 years
m. leprae
where is m. leprae found
- non pathogenic soil
- water microbes
which mycobacterium is a fast grower and infects wounds
m. leprae
is tb a slow or fast grower
- slow grower
example of mycobacterium
- tb
- leprosy
- cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
shape and chemcial factor of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
rods but also plemorphic
- anaerobic
palisade (more common) and chinese alphabet are found in
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
what disease form pseudomembrane and upper resp diseases and eventually suffocate pt
cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
structure of cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
- have lil graunles that store P
function of granules in cornyebacterium diphtitheriae
emit colour/ shine light through
shape and chemical factor of propionobacteria
- rod and anaerobic
what causes most acne
propionobacteria acnes
what is used for fermentation of swiss cheese
propionobacteria
what produces propionic acid + co2 as an end result
swiss cheese
what gives the flavour in swiss cheese
propionic acid
function of CO2 in swiss cheese
causes cheese to form lil holes
listeria monocytogenes chemical factor and shape
rods and facultatively anaerobic
what disease is psychotropic and can centre through contaminated food cuts, nuts, soft cheese (feta), milk, and deli salads
listeria monocytogenes
what does listeria monocytogenes cause
- meningitis as it affects monocytes
- really bad during pregnancy
which streptococci bacteria is actually a diplococci
s. pneumonia
