Chpt 7 & 8 Quiz Flashcards
Private Speech
Studied by vgotsky
child hears what others say to her and then she says it to herself; this is what the child does to change external interactions into internal thoughts; child talks to herself to guide their own actions
Scaffolding
what adult does to move the chuld through the ZPD to achieve knowledge. Scaffolding is structure that goes up around a building to workers can work on building; adult helps kid form a cognitive structure so he/she can understand the tasks better.
g
(general intelligence) that underscores all cognitive abilities.
Reversibility
the ability to reverse mental operations; if contents of a short, wide glass are poured into a tall, thin glass the water level will be higher in the second glass and child thinks second glass has more water; if kid has mastered reversibility she will understand the amount of water is the same.
Concrete Operations Stage
Theory of Core Knowledge
The theory that basic areas of knowledge are innate and built into the human brain
Zone of proximal development (ZPD):
he let kids perform tasks on their own – then with a helper; the difference between what he/she does on own and what does with helper is called ZPD
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget’s theory provides a set of basic principles of cognitive development:(Piaget 1896-1980; studied biology and philosophy and interested in epistemology – philosophy of how we come to understand the world; know human beings must adapt successfully to their environments; field called genetic epistemology)
Intelligence is an active, constructive, and dynamic process.
Mistakes children make in their thinking are usually meaningful because the mistakes reflect the nature of their thought processes at their current stage of development.
As children develop, the structure of their thinking changes, and these new modes of thought are based on the earlier structures.
Intelligence
Hard to define
the ability to adapt to the environment, to think and learn, and to understand oneself and others
Many factors effect it: quality of school instruction, school policies, classroom, etc
Lack of Conservation
children don’t understand that the quantity of something (amount) remains the same regardless of changes in its appearance
Preoperational Stage
Wechsler IQ
WISC-V is widely used gives a full scale IQ and 5 composite index scores:
1) verbal comprehension 4) fluid reasoning
2) visual spatial 5) processing speed
3) working memory
Infant Intelligence
Difficult because infants cannot understand test instructions or provide verbal responses.
Most tests of infant intelligence assess physical, motor, sensory, and/or early language development. Newer approaches also incorporate information processing.
These tests can identify intellectual disability and developmental delays.
Information Processing tests : include measures of infant attention, attraction to novelty and habituation to familiar stimuli (remember what this word means?)
These measures are good predictors of later intelligence.
Attention, processing speed and memory in infancy can predict general intelligence at age 11.
Sensorimotor Stage
(birth-2 years); they understand the world through the information they take in through their senses and their actions on it
accommodation
When we need to change our schemas to fit new experiences
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Linguistics - sensitivity to the meanings and sounds of words, mastery of syntax, appreciation of the ways language can be used
Logical-Mathematical - Understanding of objects and symbols and of actions that be performed on them and of the relations between these actions, ability to identify problems and seek explanations
Spatial - capacity to perceive the visual world accurately, to perform transformations upon perceptions and to re-create aspects of visual experience in the absence of physical stimuli
Musical - Sensitivity to individual tones and phrases of music, an understanding of ways to combine tones and phrases into larger musical rhythms and structures, awareness of emotional aspects of music
Bodily-Kinesthetic - Use of one’s body in highly skilled ways for expressive or goal-directed purposes, capacity to handle objects skillfully
Interpersonal - Ability to notice and make distinctions among the moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions of other people and potentially to act on this knowledge
Intrapersonal - access to one’s own feelings, ability to draw on one’s emotions to guide and understand one’s behavior, recognition of personal strengths and weaknesses
Naturalistic – sensitivity and understanding of plants, animals, and other aspects of nature
Existential - sensitivity to issues related to the meaning of life, death, and other aspects of the human condition
Critiques of Piaget
Ages and stages are not necessarily accurate.
Stages are not necessarily distinct from one another.
Do his ideas stand up across cultures? In general – they do but they emerge at later ages.
