Chpt 10 Quiz Flashcards
Diagnosing Conduct Disorder
Conduct Disorder (CD) is diagnosed when children show an ongoing pattern of aggression toward others, and serious violations of rules and social norms at home, in school, and with peers.
These rule violations may involve breaking the law and result in arrest. Children with CD are more likely to get injured and may have difficulties getting along with peers.
Examples of CD behaviors include:
Breaking serious rules, such as running away, staying out at night when told not to, or skipping school
Being aggressive in a way that causes harm, such as bullying, fighting, or being cruel to animals
Lying, stealing, or damaging other people’s property on purpose
Rothbart’s model of Temperament
temperament involves biologically-based differences in reactivity and self-regulation, but these characteristics are influenced by experience and can show change over time.
Internalizing Behavior
negative behaviors that are directed inward at oneself, creating anxiety or depression.
Internalizing behaviors are called self directed because the kid’s behavior may be harmful to him/herself
Emotions
it is the body’s physiological reaction to a situation; your cognitive interpretation of a situation; communication to another person and your actions.
Regulations of Emotions
Emotion Coaching” a parental style that teaches children how to understand their emotions and dealing with them.
Emotion dismissing parents: minimize the importance of emotions and instead try to distract or cheer up their child so that the negative emotion will pass; this teaches the child to ignore their feelings.
Example: child gets hurt and is upset – the parent minimizes it by saying “No big deal – it’s just a scratch”
This tells the child he/she doesn’t know what he/she is feeling or that it’s not legitimate.
Emotion coaching parents: help their children explore and understand their feelings– example is when parent says to child they understand it hurts when he/she gets hurt; validating the child’s feelings.
Delay of Gratification
The “marshmallow study” on delay of gratification – done at Stanford in 1960’s
Four year olds were told that they could eat one marshmallow right away or wait and get two marshmallows. Kids who controlled their impulse to eat the one marshmallow by sitting on their hands and looking away from it –
Those who waited for the second one — In follow-up studies, the researchers found that children who were able to wait longer for the preferred rewards tended to have better life outcomes, as measured by SAT scores, educational attainment, and other life measures
Conduct Disorder (CD)
“repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate social norms or rules are violated”
Aggressiveness to people and animals
Property destruction
Deceptiveness or theft
Serious rule violations
Rates: from 1 to 10% ; this is childhood onset and adolescent onset
Early onset associated with inadequate parenting, neurocognitive problems and temperament.
More likely to affect boys than girls – 10 times more likely
It is one of the most difficult disorders to treat
We try mutisystemic treatment; involve family ; look at family, peers school and therapist helps family build on strengths
New Planet
Beyond neptune. Orbits on different plane. “Planet Nine”
Externalizing Behavior
“acting out” on the environment, such as aggressive or destructive behavior (acting out anger and aggression)
Externalizing behavior is called other directed behaviors
Saddness and Depression
Sadness is a normal response to loss and disappointment.
Depression: goes beyond sadness to feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, a lack of pleasure, sleep and appetite disturbances, and possibly suicidal ideas or plans.
Depression is more common in teens than younger children and in adolescent girls than in adolescent boys. Girls experience difficult pubertal changes, gain weight and girls socialized to internalize feelings while boys act out feelings.
In DSM 5 depression is long lasting and severe enough to affect the person physically, emotionally, cognitively and socially and interferes with functioning in daily living.
Depression in children prior to adolescence is rare; affecting about 1% of children; can be diagnosed as early age 3
Incidence of depression increases throughout adolescence and girls are 3 times more likely than boys to be diagnosed.
Adolescents who are depressed will likely also have an anxiety disorder; rates of co-occurrence can be as high as 75%
Sympathy
concern for others’ welfare that often leads to helping or comforting them.
Development of Emotions
There are basic (primary) emotions and self-conscious (secondary) emotions
In first year of life – infants show primary emotions.
They recognize happiness in others before age 3 and recognize other basic emotions by age 4 or 5
Secondary emotions like pride, shame and guilt develop later because they depend on awareness of self tat they don’t possess yet.
Secondary emotions are called “Self-Conscious Emotions”
Secondary emotions (self-conscious emotions) develop later (usually by age 3) because they depend on an awareness of self that very young children do not yet possess.
Anger and Aggression
Most children learn to control their anger by channeling it in appropriate ways. However, some children are not able to control feelings that lead them into conflict with others.
Most often higher levels of aggression in younger children decline as the children get older.
For a small subgroup levels of aggression remain high.
Problems around academic underachievement, peer rejection, relationship issues.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
A recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that persists for at least 6 months”
Emerges in preschool children; associated with ineffective parenting and difficult temperament in child
Symptoms: angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior and vindictiveness.
Associated with kid’s temperament and family environment.
Typically children with ODD tend to do the following frequently:◦Lose their temper easily and repeatedly◦Argue with adults◦Defy adults◦Refuse to obey rules◦Deliberately annoy people◦Blame others for their own mistakes or misbehavior◦Be easily annoyed and angered◦Be spiteful or vindictive◦Many affected children also lack social skills.
Temperament
the general emotional style an individual displays in responding to events.
It is a general emotional style that guides their tendency to respond in certain ways to a variety of events in the environment.
Some people are timid, fearful, anxious, and some are fearless and outgoing.
There is evidence to support we are born with a certain temperament based on our genetic inheritance.
