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PS280 > chpt 3 > Flashcards

chpt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

theoretical orientation of assessors

A

cog
behav
humanistic
psychodynamic
electicintegrative

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2
Q

two components of reliability

A
  1. specificity: agreement abt absence of diagnosis
  2. sensitivity: agreement abt presence of diagnosis
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3
Q

alternate form reliability

A

using 2 forms of a test

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4
Q

internal consistency reliability

A

assess if item on a test are related to e/o, i.e. person takes anxiety tes, would have 2+ symptoms

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5
Q

criterion validity

A

whether measure matches other measure/criterion

broken into concurrent and predictive

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6
Q

construct validity

A

construct = attribute that’s inferred the test is measuring i.e. anxiety

smth that isn’t easily defined

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7
Q

case validity

A

the interpretations and decisions made abt a person

the case accurately encompasses the mult influences that contribute to distress and dysfunction

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8
Q

structured vs unstructured interviews

A

structured have high inter-rater reliability, follow pre-written and ordered questions to make DSM-5 diagnoses

unstrucutred low inter-rater reliability

branching decision trees: client’s response to one q determines what q asked next

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9
Q

test norms

A

test is admin to many ppl and responses are analyzed to see how ppl tend to respond…person’s score is compared to group norms

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10
Q

standardization

A

responses are compared to test norms that have been establish

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11
Q

personality inventories

A

self-reported questionnaire by which examinee indicates whether statements assessing tendencies apply to them

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12
Q

MMPI

A

most commonly used, been revised but still used

MMP1-2 specifically

almost 600 T/F

inexpensive

multiphasic: designed to detect a number of psychological problems

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13
Q

how was MMPI developed

A
  1. mult clinicians gave statements they considered indicative of MI
    - called rational approach
  2. items were rated as self-descriptive or not by ppl w and w/o diagnoses…called empirical mehtod
  3. items selected if clients in clinical group respond to them more than normal group
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14
Q

changes in MMPI-2

A

shortened version using diff scales

ppl argue MMPI-2-RF is brand new test that needs more validation

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15
Q

MMPI-3

A

335 items vs nearly 600 in MMPI-2

computer scored, based on patterns of responses

scale was created to identify ppl in personal lawsuits who claim to be injured but aren’t

faking bad: accentuating deficits that don’t exist

tends to misclassify ppl as fakers when not actually faking
- cannot be used in court
- renamed to Symptom Validity Scale

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16
Q

PAI

A

used instead of MMPI-2, has many of the same scales but fewer items and 4-pt scale instead of TF

contains critical items that warn if attention is needed i.e. suicidal intent

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17
Q

dysfunctional attitudes scale

A

assessment of cog measures i.e. depression

scores decrease w treatment

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18
Q

projective test

A

meant to tap into unconscious mind and reveal true feelings

if person sees ambiguous stim, will project self onto it

19
Q

rorschach test

A

aka ink blot test

cards shown in specific order, person indicates what they saw

20
Q

R-PAS

A

measure w high inter-rater reliability

used to score the rorscach test

21
Q

thematic approach test

A

aka TAT

person is shown images the psychologist believes are relevant to them, and the patient is asked to make a story w them

22
Q

intelligence test

A

standardized means of assessing person’s cog abilities

uses: diagnose learning disabilities, identify gifted kids

WAIS is adult test, also stanford-binet

23
Q

stereotype threat

A

tendency for scores to fluctuate bcs of concern over furthering bias i.e. women do worse on math tests when asked to identify gender

24
Q

cultural bias

A

the degree to which intelligence tests have content that isn’t meaningful to ppl of diff cultures

25
Q

emotional intelligence and alexithymia

A

negative relation, as EQ inc, alexithymia dec and vv

26
Q

computerized axial tomography

A

CT scan

moving beam of xrays take 360 image of brain

measures radioactivity to see diff in density, make 2d image of brain

27
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

MRI

better than CT, uses no radiation

magnetic force aligns atoms and makes signal for images

28
Q

fMRI

A

take quick images, allowing analysis of brain metabolism

i.e. allow intestigation of cog, aff, experimental processes

29
Q

PET

A

inject radioactive isotope into bloodstream, monitor mvmnt in brain

30
Q

neurologist vs neuropsychologist

A

neuropsychologist: psychologist studying how brain dysfunctions affect cog, behav
- cannot begin medical test

neurologist: physician, specializes in medical diseases impacting nervous system i.e. cerebral palsy

31
Q

goals of neuropsychological tests and assessment

A

diagnose, determine if defecits are present (even w/o diagnosis), assess impact on qol and daily function

32
Q

halstead-ratan battery

A

group of tets, each for diff brain function

  1. tactile performance test time: fit shapes into board while blindfolded
  2. tactile performance test memory: draw board from memory, showing if damaged parietal lobe
  3. category test: see image and press numb, bell sound if correct…use problem solving skills
  4. speech sounds perception test: participants hear nonsense and identify word from list
33
Q

psychophysiology

A

bodily changes accompying psychological events i.e. inc HR, muscle tension

34
Q

electrocardiocgram

A

ECG

electrodes measure HEART activity

35
Q

electrodermal responding

A

skin conductance, electrical activity of weat glands…infer emotion

36
Q

electroencephalogram

A

EEG

electrodes on SCALP, record underlying brain activity

tumour/lesion detection

37
Q

DSM-3

A

had multi-axial classification — each person rated on 5 diff dimensions

personality disorders, med conditions, functioning, etc.

38
Q

DSM-5, changes and controversies

A

eliminated multi-axial classification

new disorders and criteria for existing disorders

controversies: ppl in mourning may be diagnosed w depression
- diagnostic inflation: inc ppl w diagnoses, pharma benefits from prescriptions

39
Q

prevalence

A

proportion of ppl w a diagnosis at a given time

40
Q

lifetime prevalence

A

proportion of ppl who will have a diagnosis in their lifetime

41
Q

epidemiology

A

study of frequency of disorders in population

42
Q

cormobidity

A

the co-occurance of disorders
- major issue, makes treatment planning difficult
- raise concern that disorder isn’t distinct

43
Q

categorical vs dimensional classification

A

dimensional class: person is placed on a continuum
- useful if disorder has lvls i.e. mild to severe
- less comorbidity bcs not all or none

catgeorical class: DSM-5 falls under this, tells if yes/no has/n’t disorder
- useful to know to start treatmetn

PS280 (10 decks)

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