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PS280 > chp 8 - mood disorders > Flashcards

chp 8 - mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

mood disorders

A

disabling disturbances in emotion i.e. depression, adhedonia, mania

cause dysfunctional social and occupational life

impacts ALL areas of functioning i.e. phys, soc, cog, bio, perceptual

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2
Q

major depressive disorder

A

core symptoms: sad most/every day or pleasure loss for 2+ WEEKS

diagnosis: core symptoms + 4 symptoms:
- hopeless
- appetite change
- low self esteem
- avoid social
- tired
etc

lifetime prev 5-17%, in canada 20-50%

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3
Q

sex differences in MDD

A

2x women > men that occurs in adolescence and remains over life

women ruminate more

objectification theory: viewed as object dec self esteem and inc vuln

estrogen and progerterone inc vuln

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4
Q

mixed depression

A

low grade symptoms of mania not meeting criteria of mania/hypomania

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5
Q

persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

A

main feature is long lasting symptoms
- 2+ YEARS in adults, over 1 in kids
- chronic form of depression

needs an additional 2 symptoms

lifetime prev 4.6%

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6
Q

double depression

A

person w PDD experiences 1 or more episodes of MDD

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7
Q

bipolar disorder (general)

A

lifetime prev 4.4%, less than MDD

ovg onset 20s, sex equal

women experience more depressive episodes, mania for men

typically recurs, w 50% having reccurance w/in a year

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8
Q

bipolar I disorder

A

episodes of mania and depression or only mania

symptoms mania: persistent elevated, irritable mood and inc goal directed energy lasting 1 WEEK + 3 symps (4 if irritable)
- inc activity
- talkative
- racing thoughts
- inc risk behav
- less sleep

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9
Q

bipolar II disorder

A

episodes of MDD followed by hypomania: inc in mood less than mania lasting 4+ DAYS

symptoms hypomania: 3 or 4 if irritable
- change in function
- optimistic
- risky behav
- dec sleep
- symps damage or ruin relationships

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10
Q

BPD w rapid cycling

A

person has 4+ episodes of mood disruptance in a year

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11
Q

bipolar w mixed features

A

combination of depression and hypo/mania occurring at SAME TIME

i.e. racing thoughts and impulsive, but crying and sad

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12
Q

BPD with predominant polarity

A

alternating periods depression and hypo/mania

person spends more time in 1 state over other

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13
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

periods of symptoms of hypomania and mild depression over 2+ YEARS for adults, 1 for child

0.04-1% prevalence

milder than bipolar disorder

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14
Q

psychoanalytic theory depression

A

depression is like grief

ppl w introjective/self critical depression have feelings of inferiority, inadequacy, guilt

ppl w anaclitic/dependent depression feel unloved

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15
Q

interpersonal model depression

A

dec social networks and minimal support

dec ability to handle life events, inc depression

self verification theory: depressed ppl spend more time w ppl who confirm their -ve self view and treat them poorly

stress generation hypothesis: depressed individs tend to experience more -ve interpersonal situations

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16
Q

congruency hypothesis

A

predicts ppl more likely to be depressed if personality vulnerability is matched w congruent life events

i.e. perfectionist experiences failure, inc depression

17
Q

beck’s negative schema

A

schema: perceptual sets that influence how we perceive and understand world

-ve schema: tendency to see world -vely, result of experiences

negative triad: -ve view of self, world, future
- caused by schema and cog bias

18
Q

cog biases of depressed ppl

A
  1. arbitrary inference: conclusion drawn w/o evidence i.e. is worthless bcs raining
  2. selective abstraction: conc based on ONE of many elements i.e. entire group project failed bcs of you
  3. overgeneralization: i.e. did bad on one test, is stupif
  4. magnification and minimization: i.e. ruined car when little scratch, worthless despite praise
19
Q

learned helplessness

A

passivity and sense of being unable to control own circumstances

acquired via unpleasant experiences and traumas where have no control

20
Q

attribution and learned helplessness

A

i.e. receives low grade

attributions to stable factors: i.e. i am lazy instead of i didn’t leave enough time

attributions to internal characteristics: i.e. i a not smart enough

global attributions: i.e. i am a failure

21
Q

depressive paradox

A

cog tendency of depressed ppl to accept responsibility of -ve outcomes

22
Q

helplessness theory

A

expectation that desirable outcomes won’t happen, or that bad ones will and they cannot change

depressive predicitve certainty: ppl become prone to dep when they perceive state of helplessness will occur
- -ve life experience and personality leads to this

23
Q

stress generation

A

behavs like reassurance seeking cause stressful environ, which leads partner to reject helping individ

assoc w depression in girls, not boys

girls w history of childhood maltreatment

24
Q

social skills deficits

A

dec social skills predicts dep onset in kids

dec problem solving inc risk in youth

25
Q

bio theories MDD

A

MDD is 35% heritable
- serotonin transfer gene linked w inc depression

mult genes, meaning MDD is polygenic

MDD assoc w childhood trauma and -ve style of info processing

26
Q

bio theories BPD

A

concordance rate is 85%
- may be linked to dominant gene

brain derived neurotrophic factor/BDNF: involved in growth/survival of neurons
- as BDNF dec, severity inc
- neuroimaging: dec hippocampus and neurocog impairment

inconsistencies: study said BPD has gene on 11th chromo, not replicated

27
Q

tricyclic drugs

A

prevent reuptake NE, sero, dop by presynaptic neuron after firing

antidepressant

28
Q

monoamine oxidae inhibitor

A

antidepressant keeping MAO from taking away NE, sero

can inc temp dangerously

29
Q

SSRIs

A

inhib sero uptake, inc sero

30
Q

neuroendocrine system

A

hypothal-pitui-adrenocortical (HPA) axis role in depression

limbi system in brain linked w depression

hypothal for hormones

inc cortisol lvls

31
Q

right hemisphere dysfunction

A

can cause sense of indifference and flatness

32
Q

electric shock therapy

A

faster than drugs

can be bilat or unilat

induce temp seizure when nonresponsive to treatment

33
Q

phototherapy

A

expose to bright light for SAD

34
Q

repetitive transcranial mag stim

A

rTMS

magnetic pulses stim brain, non-invasive and succsessful

PS280 (10 decks)

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