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PS280 > childhood disorders > Flashcards

childhood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

externalizing problems

A

aka disorders of uncontrolled behaviours
- ODD and CD, ADHD

new DSM-5 category: disruptive, impulse control, conduct disorders

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2
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

tempertantrum dis

controversial, in dsm-5

3x or more temper outbursts/week

in prev dsm, called childhood bipolar dis

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3
Q

ADHD facts

A

not recog until research by virginia douglas

symps: diff conc, sustaining focus, follow instructions, forget daily activities

types:
- adhd combined
- adhd predominantly hyperactive
- adhd perdominantly attention deficit

prev: 5.29%, adults 4.4%

boys > girls, may be overstated

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4
Q

hyperactivity

A

constant motion, jiggle legs, fidget, talk out of turn
- cant stop moving or talking

kids w adhd have peer difficulties bcs seen as annoying
- 15-30% have learning disabilities

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5
Q

thomas brown ADHD model

A
  1. activation: organize, prioritze, activate to work
  2. focus: sustain, shift
  3. memory: WM and recall
    4: action: monitor and relf reg
    5: emotion: manage
  4. effort: reg alertness, processing speed

executive function impaired by ADHD

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6
Q

thomas brown comorbidity

A

70% had more than 1 disorder

40% ODD, 34% anxiety,
- some CD, tics, mood disordere

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7
Q

genetic predisposition ADHD

A

75% heritable

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8
Q

brain diffs ADHD

A

frontal striatal circuity
reduced vol cerebellum and cerebrum
dec basal ganglia vol
dysfunctions NE and dopamine sys

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9
Q

ADHD in adults

A

emphasize inattention over hyperactivity

comorbid w marriage issues, subs abuse, anti-social disorders
- low SES, change jobs, dec perf

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10
Q

environmental toxins

A

mixed evidence

pesticides, lead, etc. contrib

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11
Q

pre and perinatal factors

A

maternal smoking, alc abuse, low BW, prematurity

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12
Q

diet

A

nutritional deficiencies, surpluses, IgG foods

correlation, not proven risk

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13
Q

psychosocial adversity

A

family adversity and hostility, early deprivaation

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14
Q

diathesis-stress theory

A

not research supported

hyperactivity dev when predisposition combo w authoritarian upbringing
- attention seeking

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15
Q

treatment ADHD

A

stimulants: reduce attention deficits
- rialin, methyphenidate
- lack appetite, insomnia
- may be overprescribed

psych treatment: operant conditioning and parent/classroom training

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16
Q

ODD

A

oppositional defiant disorder

main themes:
- disobedient
- irritable
- vindicative

do NOT demonstrate serious violations of norms like in CD

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17
Q

CD

A

conduct disorder
- more severe than ODD
- LACK REMOSE, vicious

comorbid w ODD and ADHD

repetitive behavs: aggression to ppl and aimals, destroy property, theft, lies, serious violations

is a criteria for anti-social personality disorder
- some will develop ASD later

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18
Q

bio factors CD

A

aggression is heritable, delinquency is not

neurpsychosocial deficits: dec verbal skills, exec funct, memory

amygdala dysfunction

19
Q

psych factors CD

A

ineffective parenting, inconsistent discipline

learning theories: modelling and operant conditioning

20
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

of CD

bio predisposition interacts w sociocultural context
- impacts parenting, peers, mental processes

21
Q

chaotic social environ

A

of CD

noise lvls, crowd, unpredictable home

22
Q

treating CD

A

address young, adulthood can progress to anti-social disorder

family interventions: parental management training

cog approaches: anger management, moral reasoning skills training

23
Q

preventing CD

A

begin treat at 3y/o ID mothers at risk:
- post partum depression
- maternal antisocial
- young preg, smoker
- partner cruelty

24
Q

dsm-5 neurodevelopment disorders list

A

adhd
specific learning disorders
communication disorder
motor disorders
autism spectrum disorder
intellectual disability disorder

25
Q

specific learning disorders

A

inadequate dev in specific lang, academic, speech, motor area
- not from autism, phys disorder, lack of education

usually have avg-high intelligence

5%+ prevalence

dyslexia: cannot recog words and comp
dyscalcula: cannot align numbs, rapidly count, recall
dysgraphia: poor grammar, handwriting, diff composing written work

26
Q

etiology of learning disorders

A

dyslexia chromosome 13
- can be heritable

dec left temporo-parietal cortex activation

27
Q

treating learning disorders

A

special ed programs
individualized to severity
parent involvement

28
Q

communication disorders

A

language disorder: see car but cannot communicate word

phonology/speech sound disorder: wabbit, bu

stuttering/childhood onset fluency disorder: more common boys, resolves

pragmatic communication dis: cannot interp nonverbal cues
- argued is autism
- new to dsm-5

29
Q

motor disorders

A

developmental communication disorder: impaired motor coordination i.e. tie laces, button shirt
- only when severe

tics: motor or verbal, repetitive

tourette’s disorder: mult motor or 1+ vocal tic

30
Q

intellectual disability

A

sig limitations intellect and adaptive behavs (perception, practical, social)
- IQ 70 or lower
- onset before 18

mild: 50-55 to 70, 85%
moderate: 35-40 to 50-55, 10%
severe: 20-25 to 35-40, 4%
profound: less than 20-25, 1-2%

31
Q

etiology intellectual disability

A

NO IDENTIFIABLE CAUSE 30-40%

hereditary disorders: genetic or chromosomal
- i.e. fragile x syndrome

early alterations of embryonic dev: 30%
- FAS, down syndrome

measles, chickenpox, etc.
late preg and preg issues

environ: reduced stimulation, lack nutruance, low SES
- 15-20%

32
Q

preventing and treating ID

A

enrichment programs: behav and cog interventions
- based on op conditioning

33
Q

ASD

A

autism spectrum disorder
- many subcategories
- DSM-5 eliminated subcats bcs inconsistent distinctions…now focus on severity

4:1 boys to girls

onset infancy and early dev

comborbid w anx, dep, adhd

34
Q

ASD features

A

deficits in social communication and interaction, trouble w changing contexts
- limited imaginative play
- repetitive and rigid behavs
- self-stim behavs i.e. arm flap

35
Q

rett’s disorder

A

rare, only in girls
- normal dev 1-2 yrs, then head dec growth and cannot use hands meaningfully
- handwashing/wringing motion
- dec speech and walking

36
Q

childhood disintegrative disorder

A

of ASD

v rare, norm dev 2 yrs
- lose social, play, lang, motor skills

37
Q

extreme autism aloneness

A

rarely engage in play w others, don’t greet spontaneously

38
Q

common autism deficits

A

echolia echo speech: repeat phrases
pronoun reversal
obsessive compulsive and ritualistic acts: upset w change, prone to stereotypic behav

39
Q

etiology ASD

A

psych: prev though refrigerator mothers (cold, traumatize child)

genetics: 75x greater risk for siblings
- fragile x: chromosome abs, linked to freater social communication deficits

neuro factors: 30% have seizures, ab brainwave patterns
- cerebllum, amgy, corpus callosum, frontl and temp cortex

environ: mat infections, drugs, nutrition

40
Q

treating ASD

A

early intervention to inc success
- modelling and op conditioning

EIBI: early intensive behav intervention
- works when before 5y/o and intensive (20+hrs/wk and homework for 2+yrs)
- kids w higher initial cog have best resp

40
Q

disorders of overcontrolled behaviours

A

aka internalizing problems

now considered childhood ONSET
- social phob
- gad
- ocd
- selective mutism
- post traumatic stress
- spec phobia
- panic
- separation anx
- depression

41
Q

ACEs

A

averse childhood experiences
- incarcerated parent, witness abuse, abused

inc poverty, MI, abnormal behav

41
Q

childhood fear and anx

A

1/3 canadian kids rated too fearful by parents
- girls inc common

10-15% kids have anxiety disorder
- most common childhood disorder

helicopter parents: catastrophic predictions abt outside
- keep kids on edge

PS280 (10 decks)

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