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120: > Chpt 21: senses > Flashcards

Chpt 21: senses Flashcards

1
Q

olfactory receptors function

A
  • detects smell and becomes the olfactory nerve (CN1)
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2
Q

function of supporting cells in taste and smell

A

protect, nourish, insulate receptor cell

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3
Q

which cells replace worn out/ damaged receptor cells (olfaction and taste)

A

basal cells

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4
Q

olfactory (bowman’s) gland

A
  • produces mucous
  • moistens
  • dissolves odor
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5
Q

olfactory pathway

A

olfactory receptor -> olfactory nerve (CN1) -> olfactory bulbs -> olfactory tracts -> cerebral cortex -> primary olfactory area, limbic sys, hypothalamus, orbitofrontal lobe

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6
Q

where is smell perceived

A

primary olfactory area

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7
Q

limbic sys + hypothalamus x smell, function

A

behavioral response

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8
Q

where is the type of odor identified

A

orbitofrontal lobe in frontal lobe

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9
Q

location of taste buds

A
  • pharynx
  • cheek
  • tongue
  • epiglottis
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10
Q

which taste buds/ papillae are involved in taste

A

vallate

fungiform

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11
Q

is foliate and filiform involved in taste

A

no

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12
Q

which nerves are involved in taste

A

vagus nerve (CN 10), facial nerve (CN 7), glassopharyngeal ( CN9)

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13
Q

where does the ni travel to after the CNs (taste)

A

gustatory nucelli (MO) -> thalamus (insula -> primary gustatory area), limbic sys, hypothalamus, frontal lobe

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14
Q

where is taste perceived

A

primary gustatory area

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15
Q

which syss cause behavioral responses for taste

A
  • limbic sys

- hypothalamus

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16
Q

front lobe + taste

A

taste discriminations

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17
Q

eyelids are aka

A

palpebrae

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18
Q

function of accessory eye structures

A

protect and cushion the eye

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19
Q

lacrimal curunicle, accessory eye structure

A

has glands

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20
Q

what is the space between eyelids called

A
  • palpebral fissure
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21
Q

what muscle causes a weak twitch in the eye

A

levator palpebral superiors muscle

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22
Q

function of tarsal plate

A

support eyelids and prevents sticking

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23
Q

name of thin protective mucous membrane

A

conjunctiva

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24
Q

lacrimal gland function

A

produce tears

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25
Q

structures part of the fibrous tunica

A
  • sclera
  • cornea
  • sclera venous sinus
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26
Q

which fibrous tunica structure supports, protects, shapes the eye and provides muscles attachment

A

sclera

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27
Q

cornea structure and function

A
  • avascular

- transfers + refracts light on eye

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28
Q

what fibrous tunica structure picks up metabolic waste anteriorly

A

sclera venous sinus

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29
Q
  • choroid
  • ciliary body/ process
  • iris
  • pupil
  • lens
    what tunic do they belong to
A

vascular tunic

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30
Q

choroid structure

A
  • vascular

- melanocytes

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31
Q

which vascular tunic structure produces aq humor

A

ciliary process

32
Q

does the ciliary body contain melanocytes

A

yes

33
Q

which vascular tunic structures gives the colour of the eye

A

iris

34
Q

pupil structure

A
  • opening in center of iris
35
Q

what vascular tunic structure regulates light coming in that falls on lens

A

pupil

36
Q

lens structure

A

made by crystallin

37
Q

inner tunic structure

A

retina

38
Q

what structure forms the connection b/w the eye and brain

A

retina

39
Q

which inner tunic structure is the blind spot

A

optic disc, no photoreceptors

40
Q

location of bv, nerves and optic nerve (CN2) in the retina

A

optic disc

41
Q

fovea centralis and macula lutea function and structure

A

sharp coloured image, NO RODS, CONES ONLY

42
Q

structures in the anterior chamber

A
  • cornea
  • iris
  • aq humour
43
Q

aq humour function

A

lubricates cornea

44
Q
  • lens
  • vitreous humor
    belong to
A

posterior chamber

45
Q

what reflects and transfers light on retina

A

vitreous humor

46
Q

order that nerve impulses pass through the retina

A

photoreceptors -> bipolar layers -> ganglion layers -> optic nerve ( CN 2)

47
Q

visual pathway

A

bipolar cells -> optic nerve ( CN2) -> optic chaism -> optic tract -> lateral geniculate in thalamus -> primary visual area -> superior colliculi, pretecal nuclei

48
Q

where do visual reflexes occur in the frontal lobe

A

superior colliculi

49
Q

function of pretecal nuclei

A

provides accommodation of reflexes

50
Q

function of external ear

A

collect sound

51
Q

structures of external ear

A
  • auricle (pinna)
  • external auditory canal
  • tympanic mem (eardrum)
52
Q
  • malleus, incus, staples
  • Eustachian tube
    belong to ….
A

the middle ear

53
Q

function of ossicles

A

convert sound waves into vibration

54
Q

which structure connects the ear to throat

A
  • Eustachian tube
55
Q

which part of the ear is fluid filled

A

inner ear

56
Q

function of inner ear

A

convert sound waves to ap

57
Q

location of perilymph

A
  • bony labyrinth ( scala tympani and scala vestibuli)
58
Q

what type of fluid is found in the scala media / membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

59
Q

organ of corti location

A
  • cochlear duct / scala media / membranous labyrinth
60
Q

which inner ear structure contains hair cells

A

organ of corti

61
Q

which hair cells conduct ap and are a part of the vestibiocochlear nerve (CN 8)

A

inner hair sells

62
Q

what are the receptors for hearing

A

hair cells

63
Q

outer hair cells are embedded in

A

tectorial membrane

64
Q

auditory pathway

A

spiral ganglia -> cochlear nerve -> lateral teminsicles -> inferior colliculus -> superior olivary nucleus -> medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus -> primary auditory area

65
Q

which CN takes the hearing ni to he brain

A

vestibiocochlear nerve (CN 8)

66
Q

structures in the inner ear

A
  • cochlear
  • semicircular canals
  • vestibular apparatus ( utricle and saccule)
67
Q

what ear structure is responsible for static/ linear equilibrium?

A

macula in the utricle and saccule

68
Q

what ear structure is responsible for static/ linear equilibrium?

A

macula aka hair cells in the utricle and saccule

69
Q

how/ when does balanced movement occur

A

otoliths + hair cells touching

70
Q

function of semi- circular ducts/ ampula

A

allow dynamic/ rotation equilibrium

71
Q

what structure has hair cells in the semicircular canals

A

ampula

72
Q

what is responsible for detecting movement in the semicircular canals

A

hair cells of crista + cupola

73
Q

what is the cupula surrounded by in the semicircular canals

A

endolymph

74
Q

how is ap generated with hearing

A

hair cells bending

75
Q

function of pigmented layer of the retina

A

helps absorb stray light rays

120: (15 decks)

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