Chpt 21: senses Flashcards
olfactory receptors function
- detects smell and becomes the olfactory nerve (CN1)
function of supporting cells in taste and smell
protect, nourish, insulate receptor cell
which cells replace worn out/ damaged receptor cells (olfaction and taste)
basal cells
olfactory (bowman’s) gland
- produces mucous
- moistens
- dissolves odor
olfactory pathway
olfactory receptor -> olfactory nerve (CN1) -> olfactory bulbs -> olfactory tracts -> cerebral cortex -> primary olfactory area, limbic sys, hypothalamus, orbitofrontal lobe
where is smell perceived
primary olfactory area
limbic sys + hypothalamus x smell, function
behavioral response
where is the type of odor identified
orbitofrontal lobe in frontal lobe
location of taste buds
- pharynx
- cheek
- tongue
- epiglottis
which taste buds/ papillae are involved in taste
vallate
fungiform
is foliate and filiform involved in taste
no
which nerves are involved in taste
vagus nerve (CN 10), facial nerve (CN 7), glassopharyngeal ( CN9)
where does the ni travel to after the CNs (taste)
gustatory nucelli (MO) -> thalamus (insula -> primary gustatory area), limbic sys, hypothalamus, frontal lobe
where is taste perceived
primary gustatory area
which syss cause behavioral responses for taste
- limbic sys
- hypothalamus
front lobe + taste
taste discriminations
eyelids are aka
palpebrae
function of accessory eye structures
protect and cushion the eye
lacrimal curunicle, accessory eye structure
has glands
what is the space between eyelids called
- palpebral fissure
what muscle causes a weak twitch in the eye
levator palpebral superiors muscle
function of tarsal plate
support eyelids and prevents sticking
name of thin protective mucous membrane
conjunctiva
lacrimal gland function
produce tears
structures part of the fibrous tunica
- sclera
- cornea
- sclera venous sinus
which fibrous tunica structure supports, protects, shapes the eye and provides muscles attachment
sclera
cornea structure and function
- avascular
- transfers + refracts light on eye
what fibrous tunica structure picks up metabolic waste anteriorly
sclera venous sinus
- choroid
- ciliary body/ process
- iris
- pupil
- lens
what tunic do they belong to
vascular tunic
choroid structure
- vascular
- melanocytes
which vascular tunic structure produces aq humor
ciliary process
does the ciliary body contain melanocytes
yes
which vascular tunic structures gives the colour of the eye
iris
pupil structure
- opening in center of iris
what vascular tunic structure regulates light coming in that falls on lens
pupil
lens structure
made by crystallin
inner tunic structure
retina
what structure forms the connection b/w the eye and brain
retina
which inner tunic structure is the blind spot
optic disc, no photoreceptors
location of bv, nerves and optic nerve (CN2) in the retina
optic disc
fovea centralis and macula lutea function and structure
sharp coloured image, NO RODS, CONES ONLY
structures in the anterior chamber
- cornea
- iris
- aq humour
aq humour function
lubricates cornea
- lens
- vitreous humor
belong to
posterior chamber
what reflects and transfers light on retina
vitreous humor
order that nerve impulses pass through the retina
photoreceptors -> bipolar layers -> ganglion layers -> optic nerve ( CN 2)
visual pathway
bipolar cells -> optic nerve ( CN2) -> optic chaism -> optic tract -> lateral geniculate in thalamus -> primary visual area -> superior colliculi, pretecal nuclei
where do visual reflexes occur in the frontal lobe
superior colliculi
function of pretecal nuclei
provides accommodation of reflexes
function of external ear
collect sound
structures of external ear
- auricle (pinna)
- external auditory canal
- tympanic mem (eardrum)
- malleus, incus, staples
- Eustachian tube
belong to ….
the middle ear
function of ossicles
convert sound waves into vibration
which structure connects the ear to throat
- Eustachian tube
which part of the ear is fluid filled
inner ear
function of inner ear
convert sound waves to ap
location of perilymph
- bony labyrinth ( scala tympani and scala vestibuli)
what type of fluid is found in the scala media / membranous labyrinth
endolymph
organ of corti location
- cochlear duct / scala media / membranous labyrinth
which inner ear structure contains hair cells
organ of corti
which hair cells conduct ap and are a part of the vestibiocochlear nerve (CN 8)
inner hair sells
what are the receptors for hearing
hair cells
outer hair cells are embedded in
tectorial membrane
auditory pathway
spiral ganglia -> cochlear nerve -> lateral teminsicles -> inferior colliculus -> superior olivary nucleus -> medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus -> primary auditory area
which CN takes the hearing ni to he brain
vestibiocochlear nerve (CN 8)
structures in the inner ear
- cochlear
- semicircular canals
- vestibular apparatus ( utricle and saccule)
what ear structure is responsible for static/ linear equilibrium?
macula in the utricle and saccule
what ear structure is responsible for static/ linear equilibrium?
macula aka hair cells in the utricle and saccule
how/ when does balanced movement occur
otoliths + hair cells touching
function of semi- circular ducts/ ampula
allow dynamic/ rotation equilibrium
what structure has hair cells in the semicircular canals
ampula
what is responsible for detecting movement in the semicircular canals
hair cells of crista + cupola
what is the cupula surrounded by in the semicircular canals
endolymph
how is ap generated with hearing
hair cells bending
function of pigmented layer of the retina
helps absorb stray light rays
