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120: > CHPT 18: the brain > Flashcards

CHPT 18: the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what protects the brain

A
  • csf
  • bbb
  • cranial bones
  • meninges
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2
Q

what structure of the dura mater returns blood to internal jugular veins

A

dural sinuses

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3
Q

which meninges layer is avascular and the outermost

A

dura mater

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4
Q

arachnoid mater structures

A
  • archnoid viilus

- subarchnoid

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5
Q

which arachnoid mater structure allows exchange of css

A

archnoid viilus

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6
Q

where does csf circulate in the arachnoid

A

subarachnoid

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7
Q

name of dura mater extension

A

falx

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8
Q

function of falx cerebri

A

separate the 2 hemispheres

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9
Q

which falx separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

falx cerebelli

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10
Q

function of tentorium cerebelli

A

separate cerebrum from cerebellum

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11
Q

what glial cells are used in the creation of the bbb

A

astrocytes

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12
Q

what is the bbb permeable to

A
  • o2
  • glucose
  • co2
  • anesthics drugs
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13
Q

can proteins, antibiotics, pathogens and other harmful substances cross the bbb?

A

no

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14
Q

how is csf produced

A

-walls of ventricles lined by chorioid plexus that have ependymal cells

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15
Q

mechanical protection of csf

A
  • absorbs shock

- allow brain to float

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16
Q

chemical protection of csf

A

creates optimal chemical environment for ap

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17
Q

what takes away metallic wastes away from brain and carries nutrients towards the brain

A

csf circualtion

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18
Q

what centres represent the medulla

A
  • cardiovascular centre
  • vasomotor centre
  • medullary respiratory centre
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19
Q

function of cardiovascular centre

A

regulates rate and force of heart beat and bv diameters

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20
Q

arteriole constriction or elevating BP is the function of

A

vasomotor centre in medulla

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21
Q

medullary respiratory centre function

A
  • adjust basic rhythms of breathing

- sneezing, coughing, swelling, vomiting

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22
Q

structures of medulla

A
  • inferior olivary nucleus
  • gracile and cuneate nuclei
  • decussation of pyramide
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23
Q

where do tracts of white matter cross in the medulla

A

decussation of pyramide

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24
Q

function of gracile and cuneate nuclei

A

associated with touch, pressure, vibrations and proprioception

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25
Q

which medulla structure relays info abt proprioception in joints and muscles to the cerebellum

A

inferior olivary nucleus

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26
Q

function of ventral (pontine nuclei) pons

A

help control breathing

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27
Q

what brain stem structure connects the R and L cerebellum

A

dorsal regions of pons

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28
Q

function of midbrain

A

carry / conduct info from lower parts of the brain/ spc to higher cortex

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29
Q

extensions of the midbrain

A
  • superior and inferior colliculi
  • substania nigra
  • red nuclei
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30
Q

function of superior colliculi

A
  • visual info reflexes, tracking movement of eyeball, head, and neck, in response to visual stimuli
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31
Q

function of inferior colliculi

A
  • auditory info pathway, relays info to thalamus
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32
Q

substance nigra function

A
  • controls involuntary subconscious activity

- produces dopamine

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33
Q

what midbrain structure is lost In PD patients

A

substance nigra

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34
Q

red nuclei function

A

controls muscular movements

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35
Q

structures of cerebellum

A
  • arbor vitae
  • folia
  • vermis
  • anterior and posterior lobe
  • cerebellar pedulla
  • flocculondor lobe
  • cerebellar nuclei
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36
Q

name of tracts of white matter in cerebellum

A

arbor vitae

37
Q

vermis function

A
  • separates cerebellum lobes
38
Q

what region of grey mater gives rise to axons in cerebellum

A

cerebelar nuclei

39
Q

anterior and posterior lobe of cerebellum function

A
  • govern subconscious aspects of skeletal muscles
40
Q

what cerebellum structure transmits info abt balance to other parts of the Brain

A

cerebellar pedulla

41
Q

flocculondor lobe function

A

equilibrium and balance

42
Q

structures in the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus
43
Q

function of thalamus

A
  • relay station of sensory impulses
  • transmit info from cerebellum to basal ganglia to primary motor cortex
  • relays autonomic actives (peristalsis)
44
Q

structures of the hypothalamus

A
  • the mammary region

- the tuberal region

45
Q

which region of the hypothalamus is the relay station for sense of smell

A

the mammary region

46
Q

the tuberal region function

A
  • connects hypothalamus to pg to release hormones
47
Q

what region of the diencephalon houses the pineal gland

A

epithalamus

48
Q

pineal gland function

A
  • sleep cycle, releases melatonin (released more in dark)
49
Q

structure of habenuclar nuclei

A
  • olfaction and emotional receptors
50
Q

structure of cerebrum

A
  • gyris
  • sucli
  • fissure
51
Q

how many lobes of the cerebrum are there

A

5 lobes

52
Q

structures of the cerebral white matter

A
  • association tracts
  • commissural tracts
  • projection tracts
53
Q

association tracts functions

A
  • carries ap from one part of the cerebrum to the same side
54
Q

commissural tracts functions

A
  • carries ap from one part of cerebrum to another
55
Q

projection tracts functions

A
  • carries ap from one part of the cerebrum to lower parts of CNs
    or to CNS to cerebrum
56
Q

functional areas of cerebrum

A
  • motor areas
  • sensory areas
  • association areas
57
Q

areas in the motor area

A
  • primary motor area

- motor speech aka brocas area

58
Q

function of primary motor area

A
  • control voluntary skeletal muscle activity
59
Q

function of motor speech aka brocas area

A
  • regulates patterns for breathing

- controls muscular movement necessary for speech production

60
Q

areas in the sensory area

A
  • primary somatosensory
  • primary visual
  • primary gustatory
  • primary olfaction area
  • primary auditory
61
Q

primary somatosensory area function

A

receives and processes sensory info

62
Q

association area, areas

A
  • somatosensory association area
  • visual as
  • auditory as
  • wernickes area
  • integrative area
63
Q

overall function of sensory area

A
  • receive and process info
64
Q

overall function of association areas

A
  • in depth understating about sensory info

- recognizes textures, colour, music vs speech

65
Q

function of wernickes area

A
  • recognizes, understand and comprehension spoken or written language
66
Q

function of intergrative area

A
  • integrates all sensory, visual, and auditory info

- smelling food hungriness, noticing time

67
Q

function of limbic system

A
  • feeling all sorts of emotions
  • extreme pain or pleasures
  • socio-sexual behaviours
  • smell + memory
68
Q

where do CN 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 originate from

A

medulla

69
Q

what CN originate from the forebrain

A

CN 1 and 2

70
Q

CN 3 and 4 originate from

A

midbrain

71
Q

what CN originate from the pons

A

CN 5, 6, 7

72
Q

which CN nerves are sensory nerves

A

CN 1 - Olfactory nerve
CN 2 - Optic nerve
CN 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve

73
Q 
CN 3 - Oculolomotor nerve
CN 4 - Trochlear nerve 
CN 6 - Abducens nerve 
CN 11 - Accessory nerve
CN 12 - Hypglossal nerve
 are .....
A

motor nerve

74
Q

which CN are mixed nerves

A

CN 5 - Trigeminal nerve
CN 7 - Facial nerve
CN 9 - Glossopharynheal nerve
CN 10 - Vagus nerve

75
Q

what innervates the olfactory epithelium and takes that info to the brain for interpretation

A

CN 1 - Olfactory nerve

76
Q

location of CN 2 - Optic nerve

A

in retina

77
Q

what CN innervates extrinsic/ lateral eye muscles and controls activity of muscles

A

CN 3 - Oculolomotor nerve

78
Q

location of CN 4 - Trochlear nerve

A

superior oblique extrinsic muscles

79
Q

what nerves innervates the face and head (sensory) and the temporalis (motor)

A

CN 5 - Trigeminal nerve

80
Q

location of CN 6 - Abducens nerve + function

A

eye muscles, moves eyeball laterally

81
Q

what CN nerve innervates the face (motor) and taste buds (sensory)

A

CN 7 - Facial nerve

82
Q

sensory function of CN 7 - Facial nerve

A

-receives input from taste respecters and take info to brain

83
Q

location of CN 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve + function

A
  • cochlea and semi circular canals + takes auditory info to brain
84
Q

what CN innervates pharynx (motor) and taste buds (sensory)

A

CN 9 - Glossopharynheal nerve

85
Q

location of CN 10 - Vagus nerve (motor)

A
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • thoracic and abdominal organs
86
Q

location of CN 10 - Vagus nerve (sensory)

A
  • taste buds on tongue
  • pharynx
  • thoracic and abdominal organs
87
Q

what CN innervates muscles of larynx, pharynx, soft plate and shoulder neck

A

CN 11 - Accessory nerve

88
Q

function of CN 11 - Accessory nerve

A

flex or extend muscles

89
Q

location of CN 12 - Hypoglossal nerve + function

A

tongue, move the tongue

120: (15 decks)

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