Chpt. 20, Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade Flashcards

Unit 4, The Early Modern Period

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1
Q

factories

A

European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; used throughout the Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce

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2
Q

El Mina

A

the most important of the early Portuguese trading factories in the forest zone of Africa

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3
Q

Nzinga Mvemba

A

the King of the Kongo south of the Zaire River from 1507 to 1543; he converted to Christianity and took the title of Alfonso 1; under Portuguese influence, he attempted to Christianize all of his kingdom

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4
Q

Luanda

A

a Portuguese factory established in the 1520s south of the Kongo; it became the basis for the Portuguese colony of Angola

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5
Q

Royal African Company

A

chartered in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants, it supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia

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6
Q

Indies piece

A

a term used within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade, it referred to the value of an adult male slave

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7
Q

triangular trade

A

this was commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves were carried to America, sugar and tobacco were transported to Europe, and Europe in turn sent its own products, mostly finished products to Africa

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8
Q

Asante Empire

A

establish in the Gold Coast among the Akan people who settled around Kumasi; this empire was dominated by the Oyoko clan; it consisted of many clans that were linked under Osei Tutu after 1650

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9
Q

Osei Tutu

A

a member of the Oyoko clan of the Akan peoples in the Gold Coast region of Africa; he was responsible for creating a unified Asante Empire in 1701, and he used western firearms to do so

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10
Q

asantehene

A

the title taken by the ruler of the Asante Empire; he was the supreme civil and religious leader, and his authority was symbolized by a golden stool

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11
Q

Dahomey

A

a kingdom that developed among the Fon or Aja peoples in the 17th century; it’s center was at Abomey 70 miles from the coast; under King Agaja it expanded to control the coastline and port of Whydah by 1727, and it accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves

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12
Q

Luo

A

Nilotic people who migrated from the upper Nile valley, they established a dynasty among the existing Bantu population in the lake region of central eastern Africa, and it’s center was at Bunyoro

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13
Q

Fulani

A

the pastoral people of western Sudan; they adopted the purifying variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804, they launched a revolt against the Hausa kingdoms, and established a state centered on Sokoto

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14
Q

Great Trek

A

a movement of Boer settlers in the Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape the influence of British colonial government in 1834; it led to the settlement of regions north of the Orange River and Natal

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15
Q

mfecane

A

wars of the 19th century in southern Africa; they were created by Zulu expansion under Shaka, and they revolutionized the political organization of southern Africa

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16
Q

Lesotho

A

a New African state formed on the model of the Zulu chiefdom; it survived the mfecane

17
Q

Middle Passage

A

a slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th to 18th centuries); it generally was a dramatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture

18
Q

creole slaves

A

American-born descendants of saltwater slaves, they were the result of the process of miscegenation

19
Q

obeah

A

African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands

20
Q

candomblé

A

African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people

21
Q

vodun

A

African religious ideas and practices among the descendants of African slaves in Haiti

22
Q

Palmares

A

a kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people located in Brazil during the 17th century

23
Q

Suriname

A

formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of South America, it was the location of a runaway slave kingdom in the 18th century; it was able to retain independence despite attempts to crush the guerrilla resistance

24
Q

William Wilberforce

A

a British statesman and reformer, he was the leader of an abolitionist movement in the English parliament that led to the end of the English slave trade in 1807

25
Q

voortrekkers

A

the groups of Boers who moved north from Cape Colony in the Great Trek in order to escape interference by the British government

26
Q

diaspora

A

this is a mass movement or migration of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland; in the context of this passage it refers to the masses of Africans who were transported from Africa as slaves via the Middle Passage

27
Q

saltwater slaves

A

slaves transported from Africa, they were almost invariably black