Chpt. 14, The Mongols Flashcards

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1
Q

kuriltai

A

meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected

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2
Q

khagan

A

title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes

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3
Q

tumens

A

basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1,000, 100, and 10

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4
Q

Karakorum

A

capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan

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5
Q

Batu Khan

A

ruler of the Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan’s grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236

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6
Q

Ogedei

A

third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father’s death

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7
Q

khanates:

Khanate of the Golden Horde
Ilkhanate
Yuan Dynasty
Chagatai Empire

A

four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan

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8
Q

Battle of Kulikova

A

Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia

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9
Q

Prester John

A

in legends popular from the 12th to 17th century, a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests, and who was viewed as a probably ally against the spread of Islam; Chinggis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical ruler

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10
Q

Baibars

A

commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians

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11
Q

Berke

A

a ruler of the Ilkhanate; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East; while Hulegu ruled Persia, he ruled other parts of Mongol dominion

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12
Q

Kubilai Khan

A

grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established a sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271

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13
Q

Dadu

A

present-day Beijing; called this when Kubilai Khan ruled China

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14
Q

Chabi

A

influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese; died c. 1281

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15
Q

Romance of the West Chamber

A

Chinese novel written during the Yuan period; indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule

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16
Q

White Lotus Society

A

secret religious society dedicated overthrowing the Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

17
Q

Zhu Yuanzhang

A

the given name of the Hongwu emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty

18
Q

Timur-i-Lang; aka Tamerlane, or Tamer the Lame

A

also known as Tamerlane, or Tamer the Lame; leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405

19
Q

Khanate of the Golden Horde

A

the northwest Khanate that was originally led by Batu Khan; located around Russia

20
Q

Ilkhan Empire

A

the southwest Khanate that was originally led by Hulegu khan; located around the Middle East

21
Q

Yuan Empire

A

the eastern Khanate that was originally led by Kubilai Khan; located around China

22
Q

Chagatai

A

the middle khanate, it was led by Chagatai Khan

23
Q

Samarkand

A

after being taken over by the Mongols, this city became an important hub of trade; later, it served as the base and capital city for the empire established by Tamer-I Lang