chp.9 Flashcards
Natural resources have played a big role in Canada’s story. true or FALSE?
True
Natural resources have played a big role in Canada’s story. They affected where people chose to ____.
live
what is a natural resource (define).
Natural resources are the parts of nature that people can use. They include fish, land, trees, furs, water, oil, and minerals.
what did the first nation people make use of?
Natural resources are the parts of nature that people can use. They include fish, land, trees, furs, water, oil, and minerals.
violence was very unlikely to happen in whoop- country TRUE or false?
false.
when did they plant an iron post to mark the 49th parallel? (distance until)
Every 1.6 kilometres (1 mile), they planted an iron post in the ground. About every 5 kilometres (3 miles),
they built a low mound of earth. The markings showed the exact limit of Canadian territory.
These outlaws crossed into Canada to trade
_______ for furs and _______ robes.
liquor, buffalo
Liquor was legal to sell. It was they’re main income for money. TRUE or false?
FALSE!!!!!!!! :() WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!
Americans also came to Whoop-Up Country to hunt wolves. When buffalo died, wolves would feed on their carcasses. The wolf hunters, called wolfers, put poison in the carcasses. The wolves would eat the poisoned meat and die. The wolfers would then collect the wolf pelts. TRUE or FALSE?????????
TRUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUE
The government was worried about the violent way of life in Whoop-Up Country. Prime Minister Macdonald decided that a new police force was needed. The North West Mounted Police would do what?
• show the United States that Canada controlled the territory • shield the Aboriginal peoples from American outlaws • help newcomers adjust to the frontier • keep the peace between First Nations and the newcomers
The mounted police were few, but they
performed many tasks. what were they?
• They cleared out the whiskey traders. • They arrested lawbreakers of all types and put them on trial. • They delivered the mail. • They fought grass fires and assisted the new farmers. • They fought in the second Métis Uprising of 1885.
Who worked his whole life for NWMP?
Jerry Potts
By 1878, the government had
secured the land in the West. To
use the land resource effectively,
though, Canada needed three things:
• a transportation system to reach the resource • a population to harvest the resource • an economy to nurture the new resource industry
The National Policy was made to
achieve these three things. It was like three
policies in one:
• a transportation policy—to build a railway across the continent • an immigration policy—to encourage farmers to populate Western Canada • an economic policy—to build a strong national economy for Canadians
Before a railway could be built,
surveyors had to find the best route.
Surveyors first looked at a northerly route.
It would go northwest from Winnipeg to
Edmonton. Then it would cross the Rockies
through the Yellowhead Pass. In the end, the
route ran farther south. It crossed the prairie
to Calgary. Then it crossed the Rockies
through the Kicking Horse Pass. The
southern route had several advantages. what were they?
• The land was flatter and had fewer trees.
This made it easier to build the railroad.
• Coal deposits near Lethbridge, Alberta,
could provide fuel for the steam engines.
• The route was close to the border, so
most people would take the Canadian
railway, not the American one.
• In the south, the railway company
controlled most of the land and would
keep the profits from its sale.
• Scientists reported that the southern
prairies were well suited for farming.
(They were wrong, but no one knew that.)
You can see both routes on the map below.
While building the railway, how much did a kilometer cost (In nineteenth-century dollars.)
half a millionolnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn dollars!!!
Faced with a shortage of workers, the CPR employed about ______ Chinese workers to help build the railway in the mountains between 1881 and 1885.
17 000
The work during the building of the railway was so easy and so fun that everyone wanted to would do it.
TRUE or false?
TRUE HA SIKE its true
Opinions about the Railway
• A British Columbian:
The railway brought us into
Confederation!
Opinions about the Railway
• A CPR Shareholder:
Finally we can make some
money from the land we got for making the railway.
Opinions about the Railway
• A Resident of the Prairies:
It’s not fair: the railway company received so much land for free while we have to struggle.
Opinions about the Railway
• A Prairie Farmer
The CPR charges us far too much to ship our crops. And the government won’t let any other railway build lines into Western Canada. Without competition, the CPR can charge whatever it likes!
Opinions about the Railway
• An Ontario Farmer:
Now we can move west. We
will grow crops and move them by rail to market.
Opinions about the Railway
• A Manager for a Manufacturer in the East:
Now we’ll have a way to bring our products west.
Opinions about the Railway
• A Cree:
It is the railway that is bringing the flood of newcomers into our territories. If only it had never been built!
You will recall that the second part of the National Policy called for immigration. The government needed to convince people to come and farm the land. True Or False
True
How did the surveyors survey the land.
• Surveyors divided the land up into large chunks. These were called townships. • Each township was divided into 36 squares called sections. • Each section was divided into four quarter sections. Each quarter section was 64 hectares (160 acres).
The surveyors drove iron stakes into the
ground to mark off each mile. TRUE or false?
false
In 1872, the government passed the
Dominion Lands Act. It said that:?
(5 things)
any head of a family could apply for land. So could
any male at least 21 years old. They each
received a quarter section of land called a
homestead. It cost only $10. After 1882,
women could apply, too.
Each applicant had to promise three
things:
( getting free land system( or not free land ( not sure)))
to live on the land for at least six
months of the year, to build a house, and to
start farming. After three years, the
homesteader got to keep the land if he or
she had fulfilled these terms.
The life of a homesteading family was
difficult. Most of the new arrivals were poor.
They could not buy seed, farm tools,
livestock, or the materials to build houses
and barns. Nature often worked against
them. Crops could be ruined by
grasshoppers, lack of rain, early frost, or
hail. Many newcomers gave up in disgust.
True or (FALSE)
TRUE sike u thoooooooooooooooought
The first group took up land southeast
of Winnipeg. In all, about ____ Mennonites
came. They brought a heavy plough that
was effective at breaking the prairie sod.
7000
Terrif?
A type of tax placed on a product crossing the border.
