8

Question 1

One important result of contact between First Nations and Europeans was the emergence of the _____.

Answer 1

Métis

Question 2

The Métis population grew quickly, spreading across the land. By the mid-_____, it was in Red River, Manitoba, however, that the largest number of Métis lived.

Answer 2

1800s

Question 3

where did the metis live?

Answer 3

in the red river valley.

Question 4

what nations are the metis made of?

Answer 4

first nations, and European

Question 5

• Country Born Métis.

Answer 5

The Country Born were the children of First Nations women and British traders from the Hudson’s Bay
Company. Like their fathers, the Country

Question 6

when did the Roman Catholic missionaries begin arriving?

Answer 6

They
began arriving in the West in 1818. The
missionaries built churches and schools.
These became the centres of Francophone

Question 7

Canadiens.

Answer 7

They lived in St. Boniface.

Question 8

The Métis from Red River were terrible buffalo hunters? TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 8

false.

Question 9

They mixed the shredded meat with fat and

berries to create a food called ________.

Answer 9

pemmican.

Question 10

In the early 1800s, a Scottish nobleman
named ____ _______ bought a huge
piece of land from the _______ ___ _______. It was located where the ___ and ___________ ______ meet in present-day Manitoba.

Answer 10

Lord Selkirk, Hudson’s Bay Company, Red and Assiniboine Rivers

Question 11

Lord Selkirk brought dozens of families to the land from the Highlands of Scotland, where they were
being forced off their farms to make room for _____ ________.

Answer 11

sheep pastures.

Question 12

The Métis had no ______ _______ to say they
owned the land they had been farming for
more than 100 years.

Answer 12

legal papers

Question 13

The governor of the colony worried that his colonists would starve if too much buffalo meat left the colony. So, in ____, he banned the Métis from exporting any meat, fish, or vegetables from Red River. This order was known as the ________ ____________.

Answer 13

1814, Pemmican Proclamation.

Question 14

The tensions between the remaining Scottish colonists and the Métis remained high. In June ____, a group of Métis led by ________ _____ was passing by Fort Douglas. The fort was the headquarters of the colony.

Answer 14

1816, Cuthbert Grant

Question 15

The two sides faced each other near a
______ __ ___ ______ beside the Red River.
Angry words were exchanged. Suddenly, a
shot rang out! Fierce fighting followed, and
within a few minutes a Métis and __
colonists lay dead.

Answer 15

grove of oak trees, 21

Question 16

What was the earliest Francophone

communities in Western Canada.

Answer 16

Catholic missionaries who ran churches and schools

Question 17

what did the Red River Métis livelihood

depend on?

Answer 17

Their livelihood
depended on being able to farm,
trap animals, and hunt buffalo
in this vast territory.

Question 18

By the ____s, the Red River Colony was connected by a steamboat route to Minnesota in the United States.

Answer 18

1860

Question 19

How much did Canada spend on buying Rupert land?

Answer 19

Canada purchased the territory from the HBC for $1.5 million.

Question 20

What were 4 reasons the Metis were scared the Canadians were going to do to them?

Answer 20

• Would there be a role for Métis and First
Nations in the new government?
• Would the Red River Métis be able to
keep their French language and Catholic
religion?
• Would they be able to keep their farms
and way of life?
• Would English-speaking Protestants from
the East overwhelm them?

Question 21

Who was Thomas Scott?

Answer 21

He was apart of the “Canada Party,” and was sent to jail for threatening the Metis with arms. then in prison threatened to kill Riel, and said terrible things to the Metis. He was put on trial and was put in front of a firing squad. He did not survive

Question 22

What was the anglaphones perspective on Scott death

Answer 22

WE WANT REVENGE!!

Question 23

The Francophone Perspective on Scotts death?

Answer 23

The Canadiens in Québec reacted
differently. The Red River Métis were
mainly Francophone Roman Catholics.
(Remember, for example, that Louis Riel
was a Francophone who had been educated
to be a priest.) Because of this, many
Canadiens saw the Métis as defenders of
the Francophone Catholic way of life in the
West. The Canadiens took up the cause of
the Métis as their own and demanded that
they be given their rights.
The conflict between the Francophone
Métis and English-speaking colonists in the
West revived the old anger between the
English-speaking Protestants in Ontario and
the French-speaking Roman Catholics in
Québec. The situation at Red River
threatened to become a national crisis.

Question 24

who was the prime minister?

Answer 24

John A. Macdonald

Question 25

what was the Manitoba Act

Answer 25

The Manitoba Act created Canada’s fifth
province. Some of the important terms of
the Act were the following:
• Manitoba would have its own provincial
government.

• Both French and English would be used
in the government and courts.
• The province would be able to send four
elected members to the House of
Commons in Ottawa and two members to
the Senate.
• There would be two publicly funded
school systems, one for Protestants and
one for Catholics. (It would be similar to
the school system in Québec, which was
meant to meet the needs of both the
French-speaking Catholic majority and
the English-speaking Protestant minority.)
• An area of land (560 000 hectares) would
be set aside for the Métis to use.
• The natural resources of the new
province would remain under the control
of the federal government. (This meant
that unclaimed land, for example,
belonged to Ottawa.)

Question 26

At the same time as he discussed _____,
terms, the prime minister sent ____ soldiers
to Red River.

Answer 26

Métis, 1200

Question 27

what did the government say the soldiers were meant for?

Answer 27

The government
said that the soldiers were meant
to keep the peace in the new
province. Their job was also to
defend the territory in case the
United States tried to claim it.

Question 28

The government said that the soldiers were meant
to keep the peace in the new province. Their job was also to defend the territory in case the United States tried to claim it. But many of the soldiers were _______ __________ who thought their job was to punish the _____ and capture Louis Riel. “I should like to hang him from the highest tree,” said the commander of the troops.

Answer 28

Ontario volunteers, Métis

Question 29

The creation of the province of ________ did not solve all the concerns of the _____ and First Nations.
There were still disagreements over land ownership.

Answer 29

Manitoba, Métis

Question 30

Also, the Métis’ fears of __________ grew as

more and more newcomers flooded into the area.

Answer 30

assimilation

Question 31

what are the Métis Concerns?

Answer 31

• Some Métis felt that they had been
cheated out of their land in Manitoba.
• Outside of Manitoba, land ownership was
unclear. Some of the Métis were living on
property that had also been claimed by the
Hudson’s Bay Company or the railway
company.
• Newcomers were moving into the West,
and the Métis feared losing their land and
jobs. They also feared being assimilated
into the new society that was emerging.

• The buffalo were disappearing due to over-
hunting. The livelihoods of many Métis

were disappearing along with them.
• The federal government was ignoring their
problems. The Métis sent 15 petitions to
Ottawa that were not answered.

Question 32

what are the First Nations Concerns?

Answer 32

• The government had not kept some of the
promises it had made to provide food
rations and farming equipment.

• The buffalo were disappearing due to over-
hunting by outsiders.

• Some First Nations people were starving,
in part because the government restricted
their movements. This made it difficult for
them to hunt and find food. The
government owed them food rations as
repayment, but none were given.
• With the arrival of so many newcomers,
they worried that they would not be able to
hold on to what little land was left to them.
• Some First Nations leaders wanted a large
territory where their people could live
together. The government, however, forced
the people to live on small reserves
separate from each other.

Question 33

Government officials working in the area

that would one day become ____________.

Answer 33

Saskatchewan

Question 34

Why were the Metis impatient? and Angry?

Answer 34

The Métis were angry and impatient that the government was not doing anything about their complaints. They wanted Riel to be their voice.

Question 35

After three days of fighting, the ___ to
___ Métis and their Cree and Dakota allies
surrendered. The resistance was over. A
total of 53 soldiers from Ontario died in the
fighting, and 118 were injured. Thirty-five
First Nations and Métis people were killed.

Answer 35

200, 300

Question 36

Why was Louis Riel hanged?

Answer 36

He started the resistance.