ch3 British in North America Flashcards
Define Mercantilism .
It allowed an imperial country to become rich in ____ and
____ by _____ the resources taken from its colonies
An economic system that allowed an
imperial country to become rich by selling the
resources taken from its colonies
gold and silver by selling
____, ___, ____, ____ ___ could bring the home country great wealth.
Fish, furs, wood, and iron ore
This chapter examines ____ as an example of one imperial power that used the mercantile system.
Britain
in North America, Britain hoped
to obtain everything it needed to become what?
to become rich and powerful.
What is the First Nations view of Mercantilism?
These British newcomers want to take our furs and our land that is our home.
What is the King’s view of Mercantilism?
It makes our country more rich and powerful than the rest of Europe.
what is the English colonists view of Mercantilism?
Life in the colonies is hard and England charges high taxes and controls everything we do. Still we’d rather live here than England.
What did the English Merchants think of Mercantilism?
English merchants are more than willing to sell fine goods to the English colonists at a high price
• The economy. IN BRITAIN
France, Spain, and
Portugal had made a lot of money from
their colonies in the Americas. Britain
hoped it could do the same.
• Competition. IN BRITAIN
Spain and France were expanding their empires. Britain was in competition with them and wanted to prevent them from becoming more powerful.
• Quality of life in Britain
TACO TUESDAY.
In Britain, the cities were
overcrowded and there was little good
farmland left. Colonies provided a place
to resettle people.
Religious freedom. IN BRITAIN
religious groups in Britain treated badly:
the Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists
-find place to practice faith freely
-America good opportunity
-King James I of England granted permission to
private groups to set up colonies:
1. save his government money
2. along Eastern coast of North America
King James I of England knew it would
cost a great deal of money to set up the
colonies. However, he did not want to risk
losing the government’s what?
money
Instead, in 1607 he began granting permission to private groups who were interested in setting up colonies along the eastern coast of where?
North America
Pilgrims came to America in search of a
place where they could practice their
WHAT?
religions freely
why did Jon Cabot get sent out to sail?(what is he looking)
He was sent out look for economics.
What Different Goals did New France have
collecting furs and other
natural resources such as
timber, fish, and metal ores
from the land.
What was The Climate in New France
Winters were long and cold. Most of the year, it was too cold for farming. This made it harder for people to earn a living. However, it was the best place to find thick furs, which is why France preferred it.
what was Employment like In NF
economy of New France was based mainly on the fur trade. First Nations trappers, the coureurs de bois, and the fur traders ran most of the fur trade.
what was religion like in NF
Only French Catholics were
encouraged to come to New
France.
What was trade like NF
New France was allowed to trade only with France. All trade revolved around the fur trade, and one company had a monopoly on that trade.
Why was Britain not interested in New Found Land
the climate was not good and farming land was dry.
eventually what did one king do in New Found Land when space was getting cramped in Britian
He built colonies where the fishing sites were
What happened to the First Nations people who once lived in Newfoundland?
The British killed them into extintion because they thought of a “problem.”
The Beothuk tried to avoid
them, even though this meant going hungry because they were
unable to reach the fishing areas.
Who’s them?
The British
Once the fishing season ended,
the British would return where?
they would return Home
While the British were gone, the Beothuk would sometimes raid what?
They would raid fishing stations.
What 2 things killed the Beothuk?
the British with guns and diseases.
By 1828, only one Beothuk remained.
who was it?
She was a young woman named
Shanawdithit.
Why is the military base shaped like a star?
So they can see farther then if they are in a square
Why was it important for Britain to build colonies in America?
- The economy. - Britain wanted to make money
- Competition. - Keep Britain powerful
- Quality of life.- reduce over crowded cities
- Religious freedom. - practise their faiths freely.
the 13 colonies is known as what?
New England
thirteen colonies are located where?
along the eastern coast of the present-day United States.
How was each of the 13 colonies unique?
Each had its own:
social structure,
religious groups,
type of government.
Did England’s colonies grow faster than New France?
yes
How were the goals for colonizing different between both New france and britian?
New France
- did not spend much money
-priority was to collect furs and natural resources
13 colonies
- spent a lot of money to establish large colonies
- to gain military and economic advantages over other countries
How did the climate affect Britain and France’s reasons for colonizing North America?
New France -Winters were long and cold. -Most of the year, it was too cold for farming. -harder for people to earn a living. -best place to find thick furs 13 colonies -climate was mild, -In the south, farms flourished year-round. -made life more comfortable.
Britain and France had different reasons for colonizing North America. - how was employment different for each of them?
New France
-not much chance for employment
-early economy fur trade.
-First Nations trappers, the coureurs de bois,
and the fur traders were the only ones employed
13 colonies
- many more opportunities for colonists to earn a living.
- based on farming, fishing, and logging.
Britain and France had different reasons for colonizing North America - how was religion different for each of them?
New France
-Only French Catholics were encouraged to come
13 colonies
- allowed settlers from many faiths
- permitted people from different countries to come,
Britain and France had different reasons for colonizing North America - how was trade different for each of them?
New France
- allowed to trade only with France.
- fur trade, and one company had a monopoly on that trade.
13 colonies
- at first they allowed to trade with other countries, not just Britain.
- allowed to start businesses and grow a variety of crops for profit.
John Cabot reported finding what resource?
what did they call this land?
fish
new found land
Why was fish an important food in Europe?
catholic Church prohibited people from eating meat on certain days of the week.
in 1729, the king appointed a governor. Newfoundland was evolving from a ____ _____ into a ____.
fishing station
colony
Britian had to go ashore to dry their fish because why?
they didn’t have salt to dry it
define sovereignty
tightening control over a colony
supreme governing authority
the British settlement called Halifax, what was the purpose of this settlement?
- base for British troops and naval ships.
- military fort
the active citizenship in Halifax included three government positions, what were they?
governor, a council of advisors, and an
elected assembly.
define citizens
- those who lived in the colony
- member of society
how did the The Mi’kmaq people feel about Halifax?
- concerned
- The site where they had built Halifax was one of the Mi’kmaq people’s preferred coastal campsites.
What did the french encourage the Mi’kmaq ppl to do to the British?
make life difficult for the British.
What did the British governor tell them to do to the Mi’kmaq ppl in response to them making life difficult?
Lord Cornwallis, issued orders to “annoy, distress,take, or destroy Mi’kmaq people wherever they are found.”
Were the British colonists and the Mi’kmaq hostile towards each other?
yes
In 1749, the Mi’kmaq enlisted the help of some __ ___ to write a declaration of ___ against the ____.
French missionaries
war
British
why did the MI’kmaq say they wanted war?
because they have been chased away off their lands and British have taken claim to the lands
Radisson and des Groseilliers had been
right that Hudson Bay provided what?
Was it France or Britian that paid for their expedition?
- an ocean route into the heart of the continent
- and an abundant new supply of furs.
- Britain paid for the expedition, France wasn’t interested
King Charles II of England granted a ___to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
monopoly
The husdon bay monopoly included what area / water?
Was this a vast or small area?
The monopoly covered all the lands drained
by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay.
A huge vast territory consisting of most of what is now Western and Northern Canada.
did the hudson bay want to build a colony?
they were ____ interested in only trade.
They built ____at the mouths of
important rivers. First Nations and ___ hunters brought the furs here.
no
merchants,
trading posts
Inuit
The battles over the _____ ___ were part of a larger conflict between Britain and France for control of North
America and the _____.
fur-trading posts
fur trade.
What is Rupert’s Land?
Who was it named after?
What areas was it made up of?
The area of land that was monopolized by the Hudson Bay company.
- named after Prince Rupert, head of Hudson’s Bay Company.
- western and Northern Canada
What is Canada’s oldest company and one of the oldest in the world?
Hudson Bay Company
When the Hudson’s Bay Company first started, it had a monopoly on the fur trade. That meant no other ___ company could trade in _____ _______.
British
Rupert’s Land
Does the Hudson’s Bay still have a monopoly today?
no
It competes with many other companies to attract your business.
Because the French wanted Furs, how did they interfere with British?
- French met First Nations trappers before the
trappers reached the British forts.
They bought the furs the British
were expecting.
Because the French were purchasing the First Nations furs before they reached the British forts, what did this force the British to do?
travel into the interior themselves to compete with the
French.
British head into the interior. Henry Kelsey worked for the ____ _____ ____. He journey with a group of
____. His goal was to meet Aboriginal peoples and convince them to ___ ____ _____ with the British. He took a ____, a _____, some ____, _____, and a _____with him to show any First Nations people he met.
Hudson’s Bay Company Cree become trading partners brass pot, a blanket, some guns, tobacco, and a hatchet
Kelsey traveled by ____ and _____ south and west away from Hudson Bay. The Cree led him out of the forest and into the ____ of the _____. He was the first
European to see the vast ____ __ _____that once roamed the Plains.
on foot and by canoe
the grasslands of the prairies
herds of buffalo
Did the First Nations peoples Kelsey met welcomed him to their territories? Why? What was the result of this relationship?
- yes
- because The Cree already had alliances with the Siksika First Nation, who lived in the West they welcomed Kelsey.
- Because the Cree had an alliance with Siksika, the Siksika people helped Kelsey gain greater fur access
Was Kelsey successful? What was the end result of his exploration?
YES
he increased the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
Was Kelsey successful in living with the first nation ppl? What was the end result of his exploration?
YES
he increased the flow of furs from the interior to the Hudson Bay posts.
he learned their language and customs
he created trust with the people and respect
Anthony Henday, traveled further west to _____, ___. He traveled by ____.
He left from ______ ____
He also wanted to make contact with the ____ people who lived there. He hoped to convince them to what?
Who led him on his travel?
red deer Alberta foot York Factory, Siksika bring their furs to Hudson Bay Cree
Anthony Henday tried to get the Sisika people to adopt a new economy, what was his suggestion?
What was the economy of the Sisika people?
Did they accept or refuse?
- He was suggesting they adopt an economy driven by profit.
- The Siksika society was based on equality among its members. Its economy was based on meeting the needs of the community not money and profit
- refuse
The Dene people who lived far North told the
British stories about ___ and ____ along
the shores of a distant northern river. What sailor went to find this?
gold and copper
Samuel Hearne
Did Hearne find riches?
How did Hearne travel with the Dene people and their leader ______, and haul their supplies in winter? in the spring they made ____ ____ to carry them across the rivers and lakes.
no
on snowshoes, Matonabbee.
hauling their supplies on toboggans.
bark canoes
Hearne was the first European to reach the shores of the ___ ___, and he learned from the Dene how to ___ and ___ off the land.
Arctic Ocean
travel and live
Samuel Hearne’s journey lasted for 19 months. Led by Matonabbee. Describe what he experienced and wrote in his journal.
My feet and legs had swelled considerably. The nails of my toes were bruised to such a degree that several of them fell off. The skin was entirely chafed off from the tops of both my feet, and between every toe. For a whole day I left the print of my feet in blood almost at every step I took.
This person’s leadership made Samuel Hearne’s expedition a success, _______. He knew the
route to the _____ _____. He showed Hearne
how to travel ___ and ____ off the resources of
the land.
Matonabbee’s
Arctic Ocean
light and live
Matonabbee was a close ally of the ____
at the ___ trading posts.
British
HBC (Hudson Bay Company)
___ _____ sailed his small boat, the Gjoa, into the waters north of _____ Island. Three years later, he emerged on the other side in the ____ Ocean. He had finally found the ______ _______. But the ____made travel extremely dangerous. Though some ships have
crossed it, the Northwest Passage remains largely usable or unusable?
Roald Amundsen Baffin Pacific Northwest Passage ice unusable
What country today has Sovereignty over the Arctic and Northwest Passage?
What country has tried to sail two ships through this area without permission?
Canada
USA
Why is Canada concerned about Nothwest Passage and Arctic ?
wants to protect the delicate northern ecosystem from pollution from oil tankers and other cargo ships.
In 1778, the English explorer _____ _____sailed his ship the Resolution into a harbour on Vancouver Island. he was sent by Britain to look for a ___ ____ entrance to the Northwest Passage. He was welcomed by the ______ people who lived on the island. Did he succeed?
James cook
Pacific Ocean
Nuu-chah-nulth [noo-CHAH-noolth]
no he failed to find the route from that side of the ocean
When Cook’s ship reached China, he and his crew discovered that the ___ ___ skins they had traded with the Nuu-chah-nulth were worth a lot of
money. Their pelts were so valuable that the
traders called them ___ ____. When word spread, fur traders rushed to the _____ coast to grab up these precious furs.
sea otter
“soft gold.”
Pacific
what explorer and his crew drew the first accurate map of the shoreline of present-day British Columbia. It proved that there was no entrance to the ___ __along the coast. Today, Canada’s third-largest city, _____, bears his name.
Vancouver
Northwest Passage
Vancouver
The ____ played a key role in the exploration and colonization of North America.
They built ____ and benefited from the rich ___ ___ here.
They traveled and made contact with many ___ ___.
On the ____ coast, the British built the first English-speaking communities in the land that would become
Canada.
British colonies natural resources First Nations. Atlantic
Did the British contact and exploration have a huge effect on Canada?
yes.
In time, this contact would alter
these nations forever.
