Ch4 socail studies Flashcards
First Nations peoples and Europeans learned to get along because ______ __ _______
They began a long process of learning to respect one
another’s ___________
wanted to trade
differences
what is the definition of cause?
A cause is something that makes an event happen.
what is the definition of events?
An effect is the result of this
event. Effects are sometimes called consequences. An event may have several effects.
Generations of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_ [IN-yoo-it], and \_\_\_\_\_\_ as well as French and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ adventurers took part in the fur trade. In this section, you will learn how these groups of people found ways to work together.
First Nations, Inuit, Métis, English
The First Nations peoples valued the what?
These
included pots what?
metal goods that came from Europe.
knives, axes, copper wire, and
guns.
The First Nations traded for other goods as well,
such as WHAT?
blankets, cloth, and thread.
When you go to the store to buy something,
you pay for it with money. In the time of
the fur trade, Europeans used metal coins
for money, but they also traded goods. The
exchange of goods is called WHAT?
barter.
The First Nations had been trading among themselves for hundreds of years. They used the barter system. Trading parties carried WHAT?(5) and many other goods long distances to trade with their neighbors. People traded to get what they needed.
corn, tobacco, furs, copper,
pottery,
That’s what happened in Canada!
WHAT HAPPENED IN CANADA?
Can you imagine an economy being kick-started by a fashion trend? That’s
what happened in Canada! Beaver pelts make fine hats. It was the huge
demand for hats that fueled the fur trade.
• First Nations.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!
During the winter, First Nations men hunted and trapped animals. The women skinned the animals and prepared the pelts. In the spring, when the ice on the rivers and lakes melted, the men and women loaded their bark canoes with furs. They travelled to the trading posts to trade these furs for goods. Sometimes they transported furs for other hunting groups, too.
• Merchants.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!
In both the French and English fur trade, merchants financed and organized the trade. They purchased trading goods in Europe and shipped them to Canada. Then they shipped the furs back to Europe to sell to the hat makers.
• Coureurs de bois and voyageurs.
Three major groups took part in the fur
trade: the First Nations, the merchants, and
the coureurs de bois. LIST THEM!
The
phrase coureur de bois means “runner of
the woods.” You will recall reading about
these adventurers in Chapter 2. They were
the French traders who paddled on long
journeys into the wilderness to trade for
furs with the First Nations. Later, these
hardy men paddled the trade canoes from
Montréal to the trading forts. They
became known by another French word,
voyageurs.
• showing them how to find food • teaching them how to make medicine to cure diseases such as scurvy • providing advice on how to dress for the cold weather • providing transportation in the form of canoes, snowshoes, and toboggans • sharing their knowledge of the region • translating trade deals with various groups • helping them negotiate • providing a workforce to cook food, sew moccasins, prepare pemmican, snare animals, lace snowshoes, and so on
First Nations Women: Another Perspective [] When you think of the people who took part in the fur trade, do you think of the First Nations women? They did not hunt for furs. However, First Nations and Métis women played a different but equally important role for their communities.
• Preparing furs. Women prepared most pelts that crossed the ocean. First, they scraped off the flesh. They rubbed the pelt with the brains of the animal, smoked it over an open fire, and soaked it in warm water. Then they worked the pelt until it was soft. • Working in the forts. Women also helped in the forts. They performed many essential tasks, such as making moccasins and clothing. They collected birchbark and spruce gum for making canoes. They wove fishing nets and snowshoes and gathered firewood. They contributed to the food supply by snaring small animals and collecting nuts, roots, berries, and bulbs as well as leaves to make tea. • Working “on the road.” Women paddled the canoes and worked in camps, too. Matonabbee was the Dene [DEN-ay] explorer who led Samuel Hearne on his trips. (The Dene lived in the boreal forest and on the tundra of the Northwest Territories.) Matonabbee refused to travel without women to help. In Dene society, then as now, all clan members shared the duties and responsibilities of survival. These members included women and children. • Sharing language and geography skills. Many First Nations and Métis women knew more than one language. This made them valuable as interpreters and negotiators. They also worked as guides. WHO SHOWED WHO HOW TO DO THIS.
Europeans could not have been involved in the fur trade without a great deal of help. As you have seen in earlier chapters, Europeans did not know how to cope in the North American wilderness.
A French noble, the Marquis de Frontenac,
became WHAT in 1672.
governor.
_______ __ ____ could now travel in peace.
They got furs from the _________ and the
______, who traded with distant First
Nations for furs. Local ________ populations
had begun to dwindle. As a result, the
French expanded farther north and west
in search of more beaver.
Coureurs de bois, Montagnais, Odawa, beaver.
where did the Coure doi bouis spend their wages
the shop
In _____, the king put ____ ________ ________
in charge of planning. wanted the
colony to be part of the mercantile system.
The colonists in would receive
goods made in France.
1663, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, New France
A French noble, the Marquis de Frontenac, became governor in when. He faced a problem. Many Wendat had been killed by smallpox. The Haudenosaunee had killed many more. The whole Wendat society fell apart.
1672.
Coureurs de bois could now travel in peace.
why?
“The hatchet is stopped,” said
Michipichy, a Wendat leader. “We have
buried it during these days here in the
deepest place in the earth, so that it will not
be taken up again by one side or the other.”
(Source: Quoted in Gilles Havard, The Great
Peace of Montréal of 1701 [Montréal,
Kingston: McGill–Queen’s University Press,
2001], p. 145.)
What were the 3 tribes that formed the great peace of Montreal and where were they from?
of the Potawatomi [pot-uh-WAH-
tuh-mee] south of Lake Erie, the Odawa on
Manitoulin Island, and the Ojibwa [oh-JIB-
way] on the north shores of Lakes Huron
and Superior.
In 1715, who took charge of a
French trading post near Lake Superior? During
his years there, he made several trips through the
forests of what is now Northern Ontario. He
claimed these lands for where.
Pierre La Vérendrye France
Unlike the who, the who were
not interested in creating a colony in
what is now Canada.
French English
stockade
stockade—a wooden barrier of upright posts.
Entry was controlled.
why is Isabel Gunn famous?
she dressed as a boy to get a job then had to leave her job because she had a baby.
The hard-working men who paddled
the canoes and hauled supplies across the
portages were the fabled who?
voyagers
Nor’Westers?
A North West Company employee
The voyageurs could not make the trip there and back in one summer. Instead, canoes came from both directions and met in the middle at Fort what on lake what?
William, on Lake
Superior.
À la claire fontaine the song what was it
You have no cares to grieve you,
While I could weep today,
For I have lost my loved one
In such a senseless way.
Refrain: Many long years have I loved you, Ever in my heart you’ll stay. She wanted some red roses But I did rudely say She could not have the roses That I had picked that day. Now I wish those red roses Were on their bush today, While I and my beloved Still went our old sweet way.
First Nations who took part in the
fur trade in Alberta were the Siksika
Siksika
Marie-Anne Gaboury was the first non-Aboriginal woman to live in
Where!?!?!?!?!?
Western Canada.
For years, the Rocky Mountains created a barrier that kept the voyageurs from pushing westward. Explorers could not find a way through the mountains. Alexander Mackenzie wanted to solve the riddle. what is the river called?
river of disappointment
They also borrowed each other’s
technologies. who and who did this?
Europeans and first nations
what did alcohol contain
pure alcohol, tea leaves, rotten
chewing tobacco, painkillers, red peppers, lye,
ginger, soap, red ink, and molasses.
what happened to the hunters who drank alcohol?
They either got really sick and couldn’t provide for their family’s or they died.
there was no police force here? wheres here?
fort whoop up
Trading alcohol for fur was not common before the _______ ______
nineteenth century.
70 members
of the Kainai First Nation died in violent
encounters.
WHY?
because people drank alcohol and attacked people because their drunk.
Trade at Fort Whoop-Up grew from
_____ _____ __ ____ __ _____ ________ __ ____
5000 hides in 1869 to about 60 000 in 1875.
One very positive result of contact between
First Nations peoples and Europeans was the
creation of a new culture: ___ _____.
the Métis.
The first ______
were the children of First Nations women
and European fur traders.
Métis
