Chp. 9 B Flashcards
What is the importance of genetic engineering?
It allows for the targeted modification of an organism’s DNA, which leads to a range of benefits in agriculture, medicine, and research
What are the differences between regular PCR and sequencing PCR?
Regular PCR:
- DNA
- Taq polymerase
- 2 primers
- Nucleotides
Sequencing PCR
- DNA
- Taq polymerase
- 1 primer
- Nucleotides
- Dideoxy-nucleotide (has a tag on it)
Vaccines made from pathogen proteins in genetically modified yeasts are known as ______
Subunit Vaccines
What does gene therapy do?
Correct or repair a faulty gene in humans
How does gene silencing work?
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) bind to mRNA, which is then destroyed by RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)
What is the Human Genome project?
A project that sequenced the entire human genome, mapping out proteins expressed in human cells
The sequencing of small pieces of genomes which are assembled by a computer is known as ______
Shotgun sequencing
Understanding gene function via computer-assisted analysis is known as _____
Bioinformatics
DNA probes detecting specific DNA in fragments separated by gel electrophoresis is known as ______
Southern Blotting
The method used to identify pathogens is known as ______
DNA fingerprinting
What is the process that separates DNA fragments based on size?
Gel Electrophoresis
Determining proteins expressed in a cell is known as ______
Proteomics
Discovering gene function from a genetic sequence is known as _____
Reverse Genetics
What occurs in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and integrates into the plant genome and causes a tumorlike growth?
Ti plasmid
What are some agriculturally important products of genetic engineering?
- Insulin for diabetes
- Human growth hormone for dwarfism
- Erythropoietin for anemia
- Factor VIII for hemophilia
- HBV vaccine
What are some safety and ethical concerns regarding GMOs?
- Need to avoid accidental release into the environment
- Genetically modified crops MUST be safe for consumption for the environment
- Who will have access to an individual’s genetic information?
Describe the Blue-white screening process
- Uses plasmid that contains beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ)
- Presence of x-gal in a plate makes the colonies blue
- LacZ was not able to make functional B-gal protein if colonies are white
- LacZ was intact and able to make functional B-gal if colonies are blue
