Chp. 5 B Flashcards
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What is the final electron acceptor in ETC under aerobic and anaerobic conditions?
Aerobic: O2
Anaerobic: any inorganic molecule other than O2 (eg. nitrate, sulfate, or CO2)
What is the starting material and end product for anaerobic respiration?
Starting material: glucose
End product: lactic acid
What is fermentation and what is its final electron acceptors?
- An anaerobic pathway for breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen
- Its final electron acceptors is an organic molecule like pyruvate
When does fermentation usually occur?
When oxygen is not present, and lots of bacteria and yeast is present
What is the role of O2 in fermentation?
- Enables yeast to produce enzymes and compounds needed for fermentation
- Also utilized by yeast to synthesize sterols and unsaturated fatty acids
How much ATP does fermentation produe?
2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
What are two types of fermentation and what do they produce?
Lactic acid fermentation: produces lactic acid
Alcohol fermentation: produces ethanol and CO2
What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?
C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP
Glucose —> lactic acid + 2ATP
What is the formula for alcohol fermentation?
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Explain the fermentation test
Bacteria catabolizes carbohydrate or protein produces acid, causing the pH indicator to change colour
What does the oxidase test identify?
It identifies bacteria that have cytochrome oxidase (eg. Pseudomonas)
How do lipids and proteins go through cellular respiration?
They are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, and amino acids and enter cellular respiration pathways
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where does photosynthesis take place?
In chloroplast of plants
What is the starting material and end products of light-dependent reactions? Where are they located?
Starting material: H2O and light
End product: ATP, NADPH, and O2
Located in chloroplast
What is the starting material and end product for light-independent (calvin) reactions? Where are they located?
Starting material: carbon dioxide (one used for each cycle)
End product: glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
Located in chloroplast
What are autotrophs?
Phototrophs?
Heterotrophs?
- Organism that can produce its own food from inorganic substances
- organisms that use light to make their energy
- Organism that cannot produce their own food and instead obtains nutrition by consuming organisms or other organic matter
What is the big picture for polysaccharide, lipid, and protein anabolism?
They all involve building complex molecules from simple ones
