chp 7 s1-3

Question 1

Who’s the scientist who first discovered cells

Answer 1

Hooke

Question 2

why is the cell considered the basic unit of life

Answer 2

they make up the smallest level of a living organism

Question 3

what are the 3 principles of cell theory

Answer 3

1) all living organism are made up of 1 or more cells
2) cells are the basic structure of all life
3) cells come from preexisting cells

Question 4

prokaryotes

Answer 4

• no nucleus (usually bacteria cells)
• simple structure
• contains plasma membrane
• no membrane bound organelles

Question 5

eukaryotes

Answer 5

• have a nucleus
• contains plasma membrane
• contains membrane bound organelles

Question 6

light microscope

Answer 6

• uses glass lenses and light to magnify an image

- magnifies images up to 1,000

Question 7

electron microscope

Answer 7

• uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image
• magnifies images up to 500,000

Question 8

plasma membrane

Answer 8

• boundary between cell and its environment
• allows nutrients in and waste out
• composed of phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group

Question 10

proteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 10

• transmit signals in the cell
• act as a support structure
• provides pathways for substances to enter and leave

Question 11

cholesterol in plasma membrane

Answer 11

-prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

Question 12

cilia

Answer 12

short hair like projections

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

long whipping tails

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

• contains DNA and RNA

- responsible for cell growth/reproduction

Question 15

cell wall

Answer 15

-rigid layer that surrounds cell

Question 16

centriole

Answer 16

• small cylindrical organelle near nucleus in animal cells

- involved in development of spindle fibers in cell division

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

organelle in plant cells that captures sun energy and converts it to chemical energy

Question 18

cytoskeleton

Answer 18

network of protein filaments that maintain cell shape

Question 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

extensive membranous network composed of ribosome studded (rough er) and ribosome free (smooth er) regions

Question 20

golgi apparatus

Answer 20

• stack of membranes

- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER

Question 21

lysosomes

Answer 21

organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down material

Question 22

mitochondrion

Answer 22

organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for cell use
-makes atp

Question 23

ribosomes

Answer 23

cytoplasmic organelles where proteins are synthesized

Question 24

vacuole

Answer 24

organelle that stores material like water, salt, proteins, and carbs
-intracellular digestion

Question 25

plant cell

Answer 25

has cell wall, chloroplast, and large vacuole

Question 26

animal cell

Answer 26

NO cell wall, chloroplast, or large vacuole

Question 27

smooth ER

Answer 27

makes lipids

Question 28

rough ER

Answer 28

studded with ribosomes

Question 29

nucleolus

Answer 29

• inside nucleus

- produces ribosomes

Question 30

summarize the research that went into the development of the cell theory

Answer 30

• schleiden: all plants are made of cells
• schwann: all animals are made of cells
• Virchow: cells come from other cells

Question 31

what limits a cells size

Answer 31

cell surface area to volume ratio

Question 32

what is the relationship between cell shape and function

Answer 32

varies depending on the functions the cell performs