chp 7 s1-3 Flashcards
Who’s the scientist who first discovered cells
Hooke
why is the cell considered the basic unit of life
they make up the smallest level of a living organism
what are the 3 principles of cell theory
1) all living organism are made up of 1 or more cells
2) cells are the basic structure of all life
3) cells come from preexisting cells
prokaryotes
- no nucleus (usually bacteria cells)
- simple structure
- contains plasma membrane
- no membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes
- have a nucleus
- contains plasma membrane
- contains membrane bound organelles
light microscope
- uses glass lenses and light to magnify an image
- magnifies images up to 1,000
electron microscope
- uses magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image
- magnifies images up to 500,000
plasma membrane
- boundary between cell and its environment
- allows nutrients in and waste out
- composed of phospholipid bilayer
phospholipid bilayer
glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group
proteins in the plasma membrane
- transmit signals in the cell
- act as a support structure
- provides pathways for substances to enter and leave
cholesterol in plasma membrane
-prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together
cilia
short hair like projections
flagella
long whipping tails
nucleus
- contains DNA and RNA
- responsible for cell growth/reproduction
cell wall
-rigid layer that surrounds cell
centriole
- small cylindrical organelle near nucleus in animal cells
- involved in development of spindle fibers in cell division
chloroplast
organelle in plant cells that captures sun energy and converts it to chemical energy
cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments that maintain cell shape
endoplasmic reticulum
extensive membranous network composed of ribosome studded (rough er) and ribosome free (smooth er) regions
golgi apparatus
- stack of membranes
- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER
lysosomes
organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down material
mitochondrion
organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for cell use
-makes atp
ribosomes
cytoplasmic organelles where proteins are synthesized
vacuole
organelle that stores material like water, salt, proteins, and carbs
-intracellular digestion
plant cell
has cell wall, chloroplast, and large vacuole
animal cell
NO cell wall, chloroplast, or large vacuole
smooth ER
makes lipids
rough ER
studded with ribosomes
nucleolus
- inside nucleus
- produces ribosomes
summarize the research that went into the development of the cell theory
- schleiden: all plants are made of cells
- schwann: all animals are made of cells
- Virchow: cells come from other cells
what limits a cells size
cell surface area to volume ratio
what is the relationship between cell shape and function
varies depending on the functions the cell performs
