chp 17

Question 1

classification

Answer 1

organization of information about the diversity of living things

Question 2

Linnaeus

Answer 2

created the first formal system of taxonomy

Question 3

binomial nomenclature

Answer 3

method of creating 2-part scientific names for organisms

Question 4

aristotles classification system

Answer 4

blood vs. bloodless

Question 5

taxon

Answer 5

named group of organisms

Question 6

genus

Answer 6

a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor.

Question 7

family

Answer 7

the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genera

Question 8

order

Answer 8

contains related families

Question 9

class

Answer 9

contains related orders

Question 10

phylum

Answer 10

contains related classes

Question 11

kingdom

Answer 11

The taxon of related phyla or divisions

Question 12

domain

Answer 12

the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms

Question 13

species concepts

Answer 13

Typological species concept
 Aristotle and Linnaeus thought of each species as a distinctly different group of organisms based on physical similarities.

Biological species concept
 The biological species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting.

Phylogenic species concept
 The phylogenic species concept defines a species as a cluster of organisms that is distinct from other clusters and shows evidence of a pattern of ancestry and descent

Question 14

phylogeny

Answer 14

the evolutionary history of a species

Question 15

characters

Answer 15

used to construct patterns of descent to classify a species

Question 16

molecular clock

Answer 16

used to compare the DNA sequences or amino acid sequences of genes that are shared by different species.

Question 17

cladistics

Answer 17

reconstructs phylogenies based on shared characters.

Question 18

cladogram

Answer 18

The greater the number of derived characters shared by groups, the more recently the groups share a common ancestor

Question 19

3 domains of life

Answer 19

• domain bacteria
  eubacteria
• domain archaea
  ancient bacteria able to live in extreme conditions
• domain eukarya
  Domain Eukarya contains Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia