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biology (Lyons) > chp 10 > Flashcards

chp 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

gene

A

the DNA on chromosomes

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2
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

one chromosome from each parent that make up a pair

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3
Q

gametes

A

sex cells with half the number of chromosomes

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4
Q

haploid

A

a cell with a certain number of chromosomes

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5
Q

fertilization

A

when one haploid combines with another haploid gamete

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6
Q

diploid

A

a cell with 2n numbers of chromosomes (haploid becomes diploid after fertilization)

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7
Q

meiosis

A

sex cell division

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8
Q

crossing over

A

chromosomal segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes (happens in Prophase one)

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9
Q

interphase

A
  • chromosomes replicate

- chromatin condenses

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10
Q

prophase I

A
  • crossing over
  • spindles form
  • nuclear envelope breaks down
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11
Q

metaphase I

A
  • centromeres attach to spindle fibers

- homologous chromosomes line up in the middle

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12
Q

anaphase I

A

-homologous chromosomes separate

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13
Q

telophase I

A
  • spindles break down
  • chromosomes unwind and form 2 nuclei
  • cell divides
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14
Q

prophase II

A
  • chromosomes condense

- spindle fibers form in each new cell and attach to chromosomes

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15
Q

metaphase II

A

-centromeres line up in the middle

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16
Q

anaphase II

A
  • centromeres split

- sister chromatids split and move to opposite areas of the cell

17
Q

telophase II

A
  • four nuclei form around chromosomes
  • spindles break down
  • cells divide
18
Q

pigments that make leaves colored red, yellow

A

carotenoids

19
Q

autotroph

A

animal who makes its own food (greek “self feeder”)

20
Q

heterotroph

A

animal who takes food from the earth (greek “other feeder”)

21
Q

qualitative

A

interview of how good your information is

22
Q

quantitative

A

how much information you have

23
Q

macromolecule that contains the most energy

A

lipids

24
Q

allele

A

one or more versions of a gene

25
Q

F1 generation

A

1st filial generation. offspring of the parents

26
Q

F2 generation

A

2nd filial generation. offspring of F1 generation

27
Q

ratio of F2 generation

A

3:1

28
Q

dominant

A

trait usually seen in f1 gen

29
Q

recessive

A

trait masked in the fi gen and usually seen in f2 gen

30
Q

homozygous

A

organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait

31
Q

heterozygous

A

organism with 2 diff alleles for a particular trait

32
Q

genotype

A

allele pairs

33
Q

phenotype

A

physical expressions or characteristics of alleles

34
Q

law of segregation

A

2 alleles for each trait separate in meiosis

35
Q

hybrid

A

heterozygous organisms

36
Q

law of independent assortment

A

a random distribution of alleles occur during gamete formation

37
Q

dihybrid cross ratio

A

9:3:3:1

biology (Lyons) (7 decks)

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