Chp 6 Additional Digestive Terms Flashcards
-ectasis
dilation
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
eat, swallowing
-ptysis
spitting
-rrhage
burst forth
-rrhapy
suture
-tresia
opening
sialaden
salivary gland
steat
fat
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
dysplasia
abnormal formation
dysphasia
abnormal speech or finding the right words
chol
gall/bile
cholangi
bile vessel
cholecyst
gallbladder
choledoch
common bile duct
two enzymes produced in pancreas
amylase and lipase
liver function tests (4)
AST, ALT, alkaline phosphate, total bilirubin
a more specific liver malfunction test than AST is
ALT (alanine transminase)
what infection is ALT good for monitoring?
hepatitis
enzyme presnt in tissue of high metabolic activity, released into blood stream following injury or death of cells
AST aspartate transaminase
orginating in the bone liver and placenta, used as a tumor marker for liver and bone disease
Alkaline Phosphate (ALP)
results from the breakdown of hemoglobin, by product of hemolysis
bilirubin
rise in serum bilirubin indicates
destruction of RBCs or liver unable to excrete normal amounts
high levels of serum bilirubin is associated with which sign on a pt?
jaundice
direct bilirubin (bound to albumin) indicates
liver disease or biliary tract obstruction
indirect bilirubin (circulates freely) indicates
hemolysis
identifies parasites, enteric disease, and viruses in intestinal tract
stool culture
can you use stool passed into the toilet in your culture
NOOOOOO
detection of blood in the stool
stool guaiac/hemoccult
hemoccult indicated an ____ GI bleed or presence of a ___ ulcer
upper, gastric
real benefit to hemoccult test
screening for colonic carcinoma
x ray of large intestines, bowel prep done beforehand, inject barium enema
lower gastrointestinal series
barium swalow and small bowel follow through is
an upper GI series
what is the upper GI series useful for detecting
cancer, ulcers, narrowing of esophagus
x ray that can show whether there is blockage in liver or bile ducts
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogrpahy
close view of gallbladder drainage system and the pancreas, placed down pt throat
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatopgraphy (ERCP)
MRI used to evaluate various conditions in pancreaticobiliary duct
MRCP (magnetic Resonance cholangiopancreatography)
what is considered diagnostically equivalent to ERCP but with less morbidity
MRCP
invented by hounesfield, x ray tube rotates in circle around pt, taking pics as rotates (like slices of bread)
CT (computed tomography)
painless way to view structures inside abd using sound waves and sonar detection that generates black and white pictures
abdominal ultrasound
endoscopic ultrasonography
endoscope inserted through mouth, US images
can biopsies be done with endoscopic US?
yes
non-invasive procedure that uses magnetics and radio waves to construct a picture
MRI
MRI causes exposure to ionizing radiation (T/F)
FALSE, it does not have any exposure to ionizing radiation
what patients should not have an MRI
metallic objects/devices inside them
what does HIDA stand for?
Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid or Cholescintigraphy
following overnight fast, IV bolus of radioactive tracer injected and flows into gallbladder
HIDA scan
what does the HIDA scan track?
the flow of bile from the liver to the small intestines
transplant of stool sample from healthy colon to diseased colon to treat bacterial infxn
fecal microbiota transplant (FMT)
what type of bacteria is a fecal microbiota transplant more often used for?
C. Diff
how can the FMT be inserted into healthy colon
colonoscopy, endoscopy, enema, or oral capsule (um ew)
done for patients to achieve weight loss
bariatric surgery
how does bariatric surgery work?
size of stomach is reduced and food is diverted to jejunum
what are the 4 types of bariatric surgeries
- Adjustable gastric band
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy
- Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
fiberoptic tube passed through mouth or anus. used to find number of diseases and infections, can take biopsies during procedure
gastrointestinal endoscopy
GI endoscopy types
EGD, colonoscopy, CT colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, Proctoscopy, Anoscopy
visual exam of abd with laparoscopy inserted through small incisions
laparoscopy
what gas distends abd during laparoscopy
CO2
benefits of laparoscopy
less invasive, smaller scars, shorter recovery time, decreased risk of adhesions
obtains sample of liver to be examined
liver biopsy
pass through nose into stomach used to remove fluid or for enteral feedings
NG tube
needle inserted through abd wall to obtain a sample of any fluid that is present
paracentesis
