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Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

abdomn

A

abdomen

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2
Q

acr

A

point

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3
Q

acu

A

sharp, severe

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4
Q

aden

A

gland

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5
Q

adip

A

fat

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6
Q

amni

A

amnion

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7
Q

angi

A

vessel

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8
Q

arteri

A

vessel

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9
Q

arthr

A

joint

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10
Q

axill

A

armpit

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11
Q

bi

A

life

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12
Q

blephar

A

eyelid

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13
Q

bronch

A

bronchial tubes

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14
Q

chron

A

time

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15
Q

col

A

colon

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16
Q

cyst

A

urinary bladder

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17
Q

encephal

A

brain

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18
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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19
Q

hem

A

blood

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20
Q

hepat

A

liver

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21
Q

hydr

A

water

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22
Q

inguin

A

groin

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23
Q

isch

A

to hold back

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24
Q

lapar

A

abdomen

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25
Q

laryng

A

larynx

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26
Q

leuk

A

white

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27
Q

lymph

A

lymph

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28
Q

mamm

A

breast

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29
Q

mast

A

breast

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30
Q

morph

A

shape, form

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31
Q

muc

A

mucus

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32
Q

my

A

muscle

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33
Q

myel

A

spinal cord

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34
Q

necr

A

death

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35
Q

nephr

A

kidney

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36
Q

neuro

A

nerve

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37
Q

neutro

A

neutrophil

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38
Q

nucle

A

nucleus

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39
Q

opthalm

A

eye

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40
Q

oste

A

bone

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41
Q

ot

A

ear

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42
Q

path

A

disease

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43
Q

periton

A

peritoneum

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44
Q

phag

A

to eat, swallow

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45
Q

phleb

A

vein

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46
Q

plas

A

formation

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47
Q

pleur

A

lung

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48
Q

pneumon

A

lungs

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49
Q

pulmon

A

lungs

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50
Q

radi

A

x rays

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51
Q

rect

52
Q

ren

53
Q

rhin

54
Q

sarc

55
Q

splen

56
Q

staphyl

57
Q

strept

A

twisted chains

58
Q

thorac

59
Q

thromb

60
Q

tonsill

61
Q

trache

62
Q

ven

63
Q

cele

64
Q

types of hernias

A

Hiatal, Inguinal, Umbilical, Omphalocele, Rectocele, Cystocele

65
Q

hiatal hernia

A

portion of the stomach periodically (if sliding) pushing up through space in diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and return to abdominal cavity

66
Q

why are hiatal hernias bad?

A

pain to pt, reflux

67
Q

inguinal hernia

A

defect in inguinal canal(where spermatic cord enters into scrotum) - part of bowel protrudes through defect

68
Q

pt complaints of inguinal hernia

A

lower abd pain, testicular pain (test by having pt bend over/cough - provider feels for hernia push against hand)

69
Q

umbilical hernia

A

in developing baby contents pass through umbilical space (usually with defect or weakness)

70
Q

ophalocele

A

most/all of abd contents have protrudes through opening and living outside baby’s abdomen. must be surgically corrected

71
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of bladder onto the urinary area and pushing onto urethra. Causes pressure onto vaginal canal. Pt complaints of incomplete emptying of bladder, leakage. Can be corrected

72
Q

rectocele

A

rectum is protruding and putting pressure on vaginal canal. Pt complaints of constipation

73
Q

amniocentesis

A

amniotic fluid is removed with a needle from the sac, analyzed for karyotyping/genetic abnormalities/infection/defects. Early as 10 wks of pregnancy.

74
Q

amnion sac

A

sac that surrounds the embryo

75
Q

risk of amniocentesis

A

loss of pregnancy

76
Q

steps to get to amniocentesis

A

pt gets a US (family history suggests as well)

Needle passed through cavity into amniotic sac, fluid is withdrawn, fluid is tested

77
Q

Corionic Villus Sampling

A

aspiration of a small amount of tissue from the chorion of the placenta. (done at 8 weeks). Less invasive. faster results

78
Q

reasons to get amniocentesis

A

preparation, know for risks/defects/type of delivery/etc.

79
Q

streptococcus

A

berry shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains

80
Q

staphylococci

A

berry shaped bacterium, grow in small clusters like grapes

81
Q

diplococci

A

berry shaped bacterium, organized into pairs

82
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhea

A

type of diplococci

causes gonorrhea – an STI

83
Q

morphology of Neisseria Gonorrhea

A

gram negative diplococci with adjacent side concave or pear shaped - seen intracellularly

84
Q

Erthrocytes

A

red blood cells - made in bone marrow

carry oxygen to tissues - contains hemoglobin

85
Q

anemia S/S

A

SOB w Exertion

86
Q

leukocytes

A

WBC, many types

87
Q

eosinophils

A

granulocyte

stain red - most active in allergic or parasite disorders, 3% total leukocytes

88
Q

basophils

A

granulocyte

stain blue, help with inflammation, rare

89
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocyte

stain blue and red, phagocyte - engulf/eat bad stuff, 60% leukocytes, polys/polynucular cells

90
Q

lymphocytes

A

agranulocyte

make Ab - attach to foreign cells, B/T Cells

91
Q

Monocytes

A

agranulocyte

destroy cell debris, become macrophage

92
Q

platelet (thrombocyte)

93
Q

CBC

A

blood test via venipuncture

assess all cell types, can be done with differential (more info)

94
Q

leukocytosis

A

abnormal condition of an increase in number of WBC

not a disease - SIGN of illness, occurs in MANY conditions (viral/bact/parasitic/fungal infxn, cancer, hemorrhage, exposure to Rx)

95
Q

Leukemia

A

abnormal increase in cancerous WBC (different from leukocytosis)

pt present with sudden acute illness

96
Q

acute leukemia

A

pt asymptomatic for month-year

97
Q

chronic leukemia

A

fever, chills, extreme weakness/fatigue, infxn

98
Q

Anemia

A

“no blood”

Reduction in # of RBC

99
Q

types of anemia

A

Sickle cell, iron deficiency, autoimmune, etc (all have different Tx)

100
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

bone marrow fails to produce erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

50% idiopathic, can be from toxic exposure, radiation, drugs, virus

101
Q

anemia categorization

A

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)

102
Q

MCV

A

tells you size of the cell

103
Q

normocytic

A

normal size of cell (test for anemia) - chronic disease, Early IDA, hemoglobinopathies, primary marrow disease, deficiencies,

104
Q

microcytic

A

iron deficient, chronic infxns, thalassemias, hemoglobinopathies, sideroblastic anemia

105
Q

macrocytic

A

megaloblastic, liver disease/alcohol/hemoglobinopathies, metabolic disease,

106
Q

ischemia

A

holding back of blood from portion of body

107
Q

cause of ischemia

A

mechanical injury to blood vessel, blood clots, gradual occlusion (2nd to atherosclerosis)

108
Q

common type of ischemia

A

myocardial ischemia (secondary to atherosclerosis)

109
Q

splenomegaly

A

organ in LUQ, made of lymph/bl vessels

disposes of dying RBC and manufactures WBC, can be enlarged with infection and other medical conditions

110
Q

splenectomy

A

spleen removal

more susceptible to illness due to decreased WBC, recommend specific vaccines for these pts

111
Q

important about spleen

A

LARGE blood supply - don’t want to injure this

112
Q

cause of splenomegaly

A

mononucleosis, leukemia, cancer

113
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Inherited disorder

bones of arms and legs fail to grow to a normal size secondary to a defect in cartilage and bone

type of dwarfism

pts will have short limbs, typical size head and body - typical intelligence

114
Q

how is achondroplasia dx

A

in utero by ultrasound

115
Q

ptosis

A

eyelid muscles are weak, pt cannot keep eye open
blepharoptosis

116
Q

laparoscopy

A

minimally invasive
telescope inserted into abd for surgery
abd distended with CO2
other small incisions are made in abd for insertion of other instruments

117
Q

indications for laparoscopy

A

cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, appendectomy, tubal ligation, nissen fundoplication, exploratory surg

118
Q

other names for laparoscopy

A

peritoneoscopy, minimally invasive surg

119
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision (to cut into) into the trachea

120
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening the trachea, indwelling tube placed

121
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of tonsils
viral or bacterial
streptococcal pharyngitis is common
tonsils appear enlarged (erythematous, exudates)

122
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the tonsils

123
Q

exudates

A

tonsils stones

124
Q

adenoids

A

means resembling glands - neither endocrine or exocrine
lymphatic tissue in pharnyx close to nose and nasal passages

125
Q

adenoids removal indications

A

enlargement = blockage
pain

126
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of adenoids

Med Term (7 decks)

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