Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the components of the digestive system?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What are the components of the respiratory system?
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
What are the components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
What are the components of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What is the structural organization of the body?
Cells > tissues > organs > systems
What is a cell?
Fundamental unit of all living things
What are the types of cells?
Muscle, neuron, fat, gut epithelial
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a specific job that work together
What are the types of tissues?
Epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve
What are organs?
Different tissues combine to form an organ
What are systems?
Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
What are the components of the reproductive system in females?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
What are the components of the reproductive system in males?
Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
What are the components of the endocrine system?
Thyroid, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
What are the components of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves
What are the components of the musculoskeletal system?
Muscles, bones, joints
What are the components of the skin/sense organs?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, eye, ear, nose, tongue
What are the components of the cranial cavity?
Brain, pituitary gland
What are the components of the thoracic cavity?
Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
What are the components of the abdominal cavity?
Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
What are the components of the pelvic cavity?
Portions of small and large intestines, rectum, bladder, urethra, ureters, uterus and vagina in females
What is the spinal cavity?
Spinal cord
What are internal organs called?
Viscera
Where are ventral cavities located?
In the front of the body
Where are dorsal cavities located?
In the back of the body
What are the two divisions of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural, mediastinum
What is the pleural cavity?
Space between the membrane that surrounds each lung, has a double folded membrane
What is pleurisy or pleuritis?
Inflamed pleural cavity
What is the mediastinum?
Centrally located between two lungs
What separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
Muscular wall (diaphragm)
What is the peritoneum?
Double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
What are the components included in the peritoneum?
Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal
What are the abdominopelvic regions?
R hypochondriac, L hypochondriac, L lumbar, R lumbar, R inguinal, L inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
What are the abdominal quadrants?
RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ
What are the divisions of the spinal column?
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (4)
What does the root ‘abomin’ refer to?
Abdomen
What does the root ‘adip’ refer to?
Fat
What does the root ‘anter’ refer to?
Front
What does the root ‘cervic’ refer to?
Neck
What does the root ‘chondr’ refer to?
Cartilage
What does the root ‘coccyg’ refer to?
Coccyx
What does the root ‘crani’ refer to?
Skull
What does the root ‘cyt’ refer to?
Cell
What does the root ‘dist’ refer to?
Far/distant
What does the root ‘dors’ refer to?
Back
What does the root ‘hist’ refer to?
Tissue
What does the root ‘ili’ refer to?
Ilium
What does the root ‘kary’ refer to?
Nucleus
What does the root ‘inguin’ refer to?
Groin
What does the root ‘later’ refer to?
Side
What does the root ‘lumb’ refer to?
Lower back
What does the root ‘medio’ refer to?
Middle
What does the root ‘nucle’ refer to?
Nucleus
What does the root ‘pelv’ refer to?
Pelvis
What does the root ‘poster’ refer to?
Back, behind
What does the root ‘proxim’ refer to?
Nearest
What does the root ‘sacr’ refer to?
Sacrum
What does the root ‘sarc’ refer to?
Flesh
What does the root ‘spin’ refer to?
Spine
What does the root ‘thel, theli’ refer to?
Nipple
What does the root ‘thorac’ refer to?
Chest
What does the root ‘trache’ refer to?
Trachea, windpipe
What does the root ‘umbilic’ refer to?
Navel, umbilicus
What does the root ‘ventr’ refer to?
Belly side
What does the root ‘verteb’ refer to?
Vertebrae, backbone
What does the root ‘viscer’ refer to?
Internal organs
What does the prefix ‘ana’ mean?
Up
What does the prefix ‘cata’ mean?
Down
What does the prefix ‘epi’ mean?
Above
What does the prefix ‘hypo’ mean?
Below
What does the prefix ‘inter’ mean?
Between
What does the prefix ‘intra’ mean?
Within
What does the prefix ‘meta’ mean?
Change
What do the suffixes ‘eal, iac, ior’ pertain to?
Pertaining to
What does the suffix ‘ism’ refer to?
Process, condition
What does the suffix ‘ose’ refer to?
Pertaining to, full of
What does the suffix ‘plasm’ refer to?
Formation
What does the suffix ‘somes’ refer to?
Bodies
What does the suffix ‘type’ refer to?
Picture, classification
