Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Term > Chp 5 > Flashcards

Chp 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream is called

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

blind pouch hanging from the ceum

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, breaks up large fat globules, composed of bile pigments, cholesterol and bile salts

A

bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pigment released by the liver in bile

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intestine

A

bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pointed dog like teeth next to the incisors also called cuspids or eyeteeth

A

canine teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

consists of the ascending, transverse and sigmoid segments

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum also called the choledochus

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

A

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

swallowing

A

deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primary material found in teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

first part of the small intestine, measures 12 inches long

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

act of removal of materials from body

A

elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

A

emulsification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hard outermost layer of a tooth

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chemical that speeds up reactions between substances, enzyme names end in -ase

A

enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

substances produced when fats are digested, a category of lipids

A

fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

solid waste, stool

A

feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

small sac under the liver, stores bile

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

simple sugar

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

substance produced in the stomach necessary for digestion of food

A

hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

third part of the small intestine

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

one of four front teeth in the dental arch

A

incisor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas, transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

second part of the small intestine

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pancreatic enxyme needed to digest fats

A

lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

large organ located in the RUQ of the abd, secretes bile/stores sugar, iron, vitamins. produced blood proteins and filters out toxins

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach, AKA cardiac sphincter

A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

chewing

A

mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

6th, 7th, 8th teeth from middle on either side of dental arch

A

molar teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

roof of mouth

A

palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

organ behind the stomach, produces insulin and enzymes

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

small projections on the tongue

A

papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to the ear

A

parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

A

portal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

enzyme that digests protein

A

protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

A

pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach near the duodenum, opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it

A

pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

distal region of the stomach opening to the duodenum

A

pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

last section of the large intestine connecting the end of the colon and the anus

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

digestive juice produced by salivary glands contains enzyme amylase

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands

A

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

fourth and last, S shaped segment of the colon, just before rectum, empties in rectum

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

A

sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol, subgroup of lipids

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

A

uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

the gastrointestinal tract begins with the

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

the liver maintains

A

normal blood glucose levels, manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting, releases bilirubin, removes toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

the pancreas

A

both exocrine and endocrine, produces enzymes to digest starch, fat, and proteins, secretes insulin

62
Q

lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, can cause gastric microbial overgrowth. increase risk for gastric cancer

A

Achlorhydria

63
Q

end to end, end to side, side to side

A

anastomoses

64
Q

lack of appetite

65
Q

lack of appetite (mental disease)

A

anorexia nervosa

66
Q

symptoms of anorexia nervosa

A

weight loss, denies problem, extensive exercise, sexual disinterest, depression, dry/cracked skin, fine hair, growth arrest

67
Q

most common condition leading to surgery in patients with abd pain

A

appendicitis

68
Q

the treatment for appendicitis is

A

appendectomy

69
Q

abnormal fluid accumulation in the abd, “dropsy” is old term

70
Q

S/S include abd pain, abd discomfort in tight clothing, shortness of breath, anorexia, weight gain, and scrotal/penile edema in males

71
Q

Causes of ascites include

A

peritoneal infxn/inflammation, metabolic disease, heart and hepatic congestion, traumatic, malignancy, lymphatic obstruction, infectious (hepatitis)

72
Q

hyperactive intestinal peristalsis, rumbling or gurgling noise from movement of gas, fluid, or both. Common with diarrhea

A

Borborygmus

73
Q

presence of fibroids with regenerative nodules in the liver

74
Q

cause of cirrhosis

A

alcoholism, chronic viral hep B, wilson’s disease, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis

75
Q

S/S of cirrhosis

A

fatigue, anorexia, N, abd pain, distension, weakness, malaise, jaundice, ascites

76
Q

abd pain caused by spasm of intestinal muscles during the first 3 months of life

77
Q

when does colic usually subside?

78
Q

S/S colic

A

rhythmic crying/paroxysmal, no ability to console, fist clenching, back arching, drawing up legs, excessive flatus

79
Q

opening to the outside of the body (colon)

80
Q

combination of changes in frequency, size, consistency, and ease of bowel movements

A

constipation

81
Q

General measures for constipation include

A

Eliminate medications that cause constipation/make it worse, increase fluids & modify diet, stool softeners, enemas

82
Q

S/S constipation

A

less freqency stooling, harder stool, impaction, difficulty expelling feces, painful evacuation, abd fullness

83
Q

causes of constipation

A

electrolyte imbalance, hormonal abnormalities, congenital impairments, inadequate fluid intake, chronic laxative abuse, physciatric/culutral/environmental factors, pain

84
Q

loose watery stool. abrupt onset in healthy individual (usually infectious). chronic is considered more than 3 weeks

85
Q

types of diarrhea

A

acute viral, travelers, bacterial, protozoa

86
Q

the sensation of difficulty swallowing, disorder of esophageal transport

87
Q

oropharyngeal type dysphagia

A

choking when swallowing, coughing when swallowing, weak voice, aspiration pneumonia, weight loss

88
Q

esophageal type dysphagia

A

pressure sensation in mid chest with solids/liquids/both, weight loss, GERD symptoms, longer time required to eat meals

89
Q

cause of esophageal type dysphagia

A

malformations, neuromuscular, GERD, structural

90
Q

flatus

A

eructation (burp), gas

91
Q

presents with progressive abd discomfort frequently with weight loss, anorexia, nausea, acute or chronic GI bleeding, vomiting, early satiety.

A

Gastric Carcinoma

92
Q

Diagnosis of Gastric Carcinoma

93
Q

Tx of gastric carcinoma

A

gastrectomy, resection, chemotherapy, radiation

94
Q

reflux of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus with or without esophageal inflammation

A

gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

95
Q

S/S GERD

A

heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, angina-like CP, bronchospasm, laryngitis, chronic cough, globus sensation

96
Q

cause of GERD

A

inappropriate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), pregnancy, delayed gastric emptying

97
Q

risk factors of GERD

A

food that lower LES pressure (high fat), food that irritate mucosa (citrsu), hiatal hernia, smoking/caffeine/alcohol, medications

98
Q

bright red blood per rectum, seen in colonic tumors, ulcerative colitis, hemorroids

A

hematochezia

99
Q

black dark tarry stolls, blood containing feces and some of the blood has already been digested

100
Q

bleeding above the ligament of treitz, upper GI bleed

101
Q

yellow skin and other tissues from an elevated level of bilirubin in blood

102
Q

what is the best place to look for jaundice

A

sclera, urine

103
Q

unpleasant sensation from the stomach with tendency to vomit

104
Q

fat in feces, malabsorption of fat, pale/soft/bulky/malodorous stool that stick

A

steatorrhea

105
Q

mouth ulcers, canker sores, white circular lesions surrounded by erythematous margin. pain subsides in 4-5 days , no treatment necessary

A

Aphthous stomatitis

106
Q

tooth decay, nursing bottle carries, rampant caries after childhood may indicate marajuna use

A

dental caries d

107
Q

herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpes simplex virus 1. Small vesicles that rupture and form ulcers. lasts 10-14 days. reactivated by stress

A

Herpetic Stomatitis

108
Q

white patches of the mouth that cannot be wiped off. pre cancerous, needs biopsy

A

Oral luekoplakia

109
Q

inflammation and degradation of the gums, teeth and surrounding bone. usually begins as gingivitis. pain is absent unless acute infection is present

A

periodontal disease

110
Q

failure of the muscles of the lower esophagus to relax during swallowing, need to dilate esophagus or LES

111
Q

abnormal passage near the anus, may connect with another structure (bladder/vagina).

A

Anal Fistula

112
Q

a narrow slit in anal wall treated with increased fiber

A

anal fissure

113
Q

polyps found in colon, causes rectal bleeding but mostly asymptomatic. larger lesions can cause abd pain and cramps

A

colonic polyposis

114
Q

autosomal dominant disease of the colon in which 100 or more adenomatous polyps are in the colon. Malignancy before 40

A

familial polyposis

115
Q

what is recommended for a patient with familial polyposis?

A

prophylactic colectomy

116
Q

cancer of the colon

A

colorectal cancer

117
Q

colorectal cancer is more common in _______ and is a (fast/slow) growing cancer

A

women, slow

118
Q

Tx for colorectal CA

A

resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

119
Q

inflammatory disease of the small intestine colon or both.

120
Q

crohns disease most often includes

A

terminal ileum inflammation

121
Q

S/S Crohns Disease

A

diarrhea, abd pain, weight loss, abd tenderness, fistulas

122
Q

intermittent bouts of inflammation of all portions of the colon

A

ulcerative colitis

123
Q

S/S ulcerative colitis

A

bloody diarrhea, fever, wt loss, arthalgias, arthritis

124
Q

out pouching in the intestinal wall. Herniation of the colon mucosa through the muscular layer usually at site of perforating artery

A

diverticula

125
Q

an abscess or peri diverticular inflammation initiated by the rupture of a mucosal microscopic abscess into the mesentery

A

diverticulitis

126
Q

painful inflamed intestines, often infectious. from unsanitary conditions

127
Q

cancer of the esophagus, squamous cell and adenocarcinoma are common types. smoking and alcohol are major risk factors

A

esophageal CA

128
Q

S/S esophageal CA

A

dysphagia, wt loss

129
Q

large collateral veins located in submucosa of the esophagus. More prominent in distal esophagus. Result from chronic high pressure in portal vein

A

esophageal varices

130
Q

cholesterol or pigmented stones in gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

131
Q

inflammation of gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

132
Q

stones in the common bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

133
Q

mostly asymptomatic. RUQ pain, epigastric pain, N/V, fatty food intolerance

A

gallstones

134
Q

varicose veins in rectal region, internal and external

A

hemorrhoids

135
Q

intestinal obstruction. associated with intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal infection. Often occurs after abd surgery

136
Q

telescoping bowel

A

intussusception

137
Q

S/S intussusception

A

N/V, BRBPR, intermittent colicky abd pain, palpable abd mass, lethary fever

138
Q

spastic colon, altered bowel habits in the absence of organic pathology

139
Q

S/S IBS

A

mucous in stool, constipation/diarrhea, abd pain

140
Q

consists of duodenal and gastric ulcers, increased risk with smoking and age

A

peptic ulcer disease

141
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

142
Q

grey turners sign

A

flank discoloration

143
Q

cullens sign

A

umbilical discoloration

144
Q

fourth leading cause of CA deaths, adenocarcinoma is most common type.

A

pancreatic CA

145
Q

S/S pancreatic Ca

A

vague abd pain, wt loss, anorexia, painless jaundice, fatigue

146
Q

Tx pancreatic CA

147
Q

inflammation of the liver by a virus, increased risk for healthcare workers, hemodialysis, blood product recipient, homosexual, household exposure, organ transplant

A

viral hepititis

148
Q

cancer of the liver, occurs in pts with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis)

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

149
Q

volvulus

A

twisting intestines

Med Term (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions