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Nutrition 100 > Chp 5 Lipids > Flashcards

Chp 5 Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Fats provide ___ to ___ percent of the resting body’s energy used to fuel muscular work

A

80 to 90

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2
Q

fats are the body’s chief form of _____

A

stored energy

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3
Q

fats serve as an emergency_______ in times of _____ and _______

A

emergency fuel supply in times of illness and diminished food intake

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4
Q

how does fat protect internal organs from shock?

A

Through fat pads inside the body cavity.

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5
Q

fats insulate against____ by forming a _____ under the skin

A

temperature extremes by forming a fat layer under the skin

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6
Q

_____ form the major material of cell membranes.

A

fats

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7
Q

Lipids are converted to other compounds, such as :

A

hormones, bile, and vitamin D, as needed,

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8
Q

Food fats provide:

A

essential fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins, and other needed compounds

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9
Q

fats carry _________ along with some ______ and assist in their absorption.

A

carry fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K along with some phytochemicals

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10
Q

food fats provide a ____ energy source.

A

concentrated

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11
Q

Fats contribute to the ____ and _____ of foods.

A

taste and smell

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12
Q

Fats _____ the appetite

A

Stimulate

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13
Q

fats contribute to the feeling of _____.

A

Fullness

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14
Q

fats

A

solid at room temp

more saturated

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15
Q

oils

A

liquid at room temp

less saturated

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16
Q

what are the three types of lipids?

A

triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols

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17
Q

triglycerides are 95% of all

A

fats in food and in the body

fats and oils

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18
Q

Types of Triglycerides

A

Fatty acids

Glycerol

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19
Q

Fatty acids are released from_____ and broken down to ______

A

released from fat stores and broken down to release energy

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20
Q

types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

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21
Q

saturated fatty acids are found in

A

in animal fats and tropical oils

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22
Q

unsaturated fats are found in

A

in plant oils and fatty fish

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23
Q

Types of unsaturated FA

A

monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

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24
Q

monounsaturated

A

one double bond

high in olive and canola oils

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25
polyunsaturated
more than two double bonds
26
Types of poly unsaturated FA
Omega 3 FA | Omega 6 FA
27
Omega 3 FA are found in
fatty fish high in EPA and DHA also in canola oil
28
Omega 6 FA are found in
high in plant oils
29
Linolenic Acid is
An essential omega 3 FA
30
Linoleic Acid is
Essential omega 6 FA
31
Phospholipid are found in
found in the lipid bilayer in cell membranes; some emulsifiers; also outer layer of chylomicrons
32
A type of Sterol
Cholesterol
33
Cholesterol produces:
Vit D Steroid Hormones Bile
34
How is Vit D activated?
in the skin by UV radiation
35
Bile
Aids fat digestion
36
Animal fats and the tropical oils of coconut palm contain mostly _____
saturated fatty acids
37
Some vegetable oils, such as olive and canola, are rich in___
monounsaturated fatty acids
38
Many vegetable oils are rich in ____
omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
39
Only a few oils provide significant ____
omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
40
Omega 3s and Omega 6s are needed to
make eicosanoids. the hormone like lipids that regulate other functions.
41
do health benefits accompany increased proportions of omega 3 or omega 6 fatty acids?
omega 3
42
Benefits of Omega 3 FAs like DHA and EPA
``` lower blood pressure prevent blood clot formation protect against irregular heartbeats reduce inflammation essential for normal infant growth and development. ```
43
what happens if you get too much Omega 3 FAs?
bleeding | bruising
44
hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of phospholipids make it possible for _____ and _____ compunds to move in and out of cells.
fat and water soluble compounds.
45
what do phospholipids do in emulsification?
the hydrophobic tails go into the fat which causes the divide between oils and water.
46
where are bile acids, sex hormones, and vit D synthesized from cholesterol?
in the liver
47
which food contain cholesterol?
only foods of animal origin.
48
beef fat is a significant source of
saturated fat
49
hydrogenation
adds hydrogen so that the chains are more saturated.
50
what are benefits of hydrogenation?
more solid reduce rancidity makes them resistant to oxidation
51
what are some drawbacks of hydrogenation?
undesirable health consequences (blood cholesterol and inflammation) fats are more saturated destroys some essential FAs Creates Trans Fatty Acids
52
FDA recommends ____ trans fatty acids (TFA) in food?
zero
53
lipid digestion in the mouth
little to none
54
lipid digestion in the stomach
little to none
55
Lipid digestion in the Small intestine
done by digestive enzymes bile emulsifies fat triglyceride breakdown into glycerol and monoglycerides
56
what happens to short chain FAs and glycerol in the intestine?
they are absorbed by intestinal villi and enter directly into the bloodstream
57
What do the intestinal lining cells convert large lipid fragments such as monoglycerides and long chain FAs into?
back into triglycerides and combine them with protein forming chlyomicrons
58
chlyomicrons
a type of lipoprotein that travel in the lymph vessels to the bloodstream
59
lipid digestion in the large intestine:
A small amount of cholesterol trapped in fiber exits with the feces.
60
chylomicrons are absorbed into:
lymph vessels
61
Glycerol and short chain FAs are ___soluble
water
62
how is fat metabolized?
it is broken down for immediate energy. If we don't need it, it's put into glycogen storage and when that is full it is stored as fat.
63
what leads to ketosis?
incomplete fat metabolism
64
what is essential to metabolize fat?
carbs
65
what do chylomicrons carry?
dietary fats
66
where to chylomicrons carry dietary fat?
from the small intestine through the lymph and blood into the tissues
67
what is the health impact of chylomicron?
neutral
68
what are the different types of lipoproteins?
chylomicrons VLDL LDL HDL
69
what do VLDL carry and where do they carry it?
triglycerides and other fats made in the liver are carried to the tissues
70
what is the health impact of VLDL?
neutral
71
what do LDL carry and where do they carry it to?
Cholesterol and other fats to the tissues
72
what is the health impact of LDL?
negative
73
what do HDL carry and where do they carry it to?
HDL carries cholesterol from tissues to the liver for disposal
74
what is the health impact of HDL?
positive
75
when you consume dietary cholesterol it has ____ effect on your blood cholesterol
little effect
76
saturated fats lead to increased
Bad cholesterol (LDL)
77
trans fats lead to a(n) _____ in bad cholesterol (LDL) and a(n) ______ in good cholesterol (HDL)
increase in bad (LDL) and decrease in good (HDL)
78
what affects blood cholesterol the most?
saturated fats and trans fats
79
Do people normally maintain high or low blood cholesterol levels?
Neither. Most people maintain a fairly constant level of blood cholesterol regardless of how much cholesterol is in their diet
80
normally peoples blood cholesterol doesn't change based in diet but what happens to the blood chol levels when someone with a genetic predisposition to cholesterol ingests lots of chol?
LDL levels in the blood will increase
81
Which food have HDL or LDL cholesterol?
none. HDL and LDL refer to how the cholesterol is packaged for transport i the body
82
chylomicron
Transports dietary fats from small intestine (via lymph and blood) to body cells and liver
83
HDL
transports cholesterol from cells to liver for disposal
84
VLDL
transports triglycerides (TG) and other fats made in the liver to cells
85
LDL
Transports cholesterol and other fats from liver to cells
86
AMDR for calories from fat
25-35%
87
dietary and my plate guidelines for saturated fats
limit | 10% or less from sat fats
88
dietary and my plate guidelines for cholesterol
dont eat too much
89
dietary and my plate guidelines for trans fatty acids
limit
90
what are soft or liquid margarines made from?
unhydrogenated oils
91
are soft and liquid margarines mostly saturated or unsaturated?
mostly unsaturated
92
Solid Margarines are made from
hydrogenated oils
93
Butter is a _____ fat
saturated
94
What are carotenoids?
a class of pigments (like yellow-reddish orange) related to beta carotene. Many have some vit A activity in the body
95
How does fat in salad dressing affect the absorption of carotenoids?
you need fat to absorb carotenoids | you can choose fat free dressing but add avocados or nuts
96
example of monounsaturated fat
olive oil
97
example of omega 6 FA
corn oil
98
example of omega 3 FA
salmon
99
example of sat fat
beef fat
100
example of trans fatty acid
some stick margarines

Nutrition 100 (8 decks)

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