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Nutrition 100 > Chapter 6 Protein > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Protein Flashcards

1
Q

how do the amino acids differ?

A

they each have a different side chain

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2
Q

essential AA are provided through

A

the foods that we eat

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3
Q

how do to get non-essential AA ?

A

we make them is we have enough AA to provide the raw materials

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4
Q

how many essential amino acids are there?

A

9

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5
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20

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6
Q

protein digestion in mouth

A

nothing

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7
Q

protein digestion in stomach

A

acids denature proteins. or in other word they break them down to straight chains of AA . the AA are then cleaved into polypeptides and some AA.

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8
Q

protein digestion in small intestine

A

enzymes from the pancreas and the intestine split peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides and AA. The enzymes on the surface of the small intestine wall then break down the peptides further into AA which are then carried into the blood stream

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9
Q

AA in the bloodstream

A

from the blood stream they are then transported to all the body’s cells.

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10
Q

protein are _____ functional once denatured

A

Proteins are no longer functional once denatured

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11
Q

what are the roles of protein in the body?

A 
structure and movement
growth and maintenance
build enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
antibodies 
transport 
fluid and electrolyte balance 
acide base balance 
blood clotting 
energy and glucose
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12
Q

what does the fate of and AA depend on?

A

the needs of the cells

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13
Q

what are some potential fates of an AA?

A

they can be used to build another protein or another N-containing compound of they can be dismantled

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14
Q

What are some uses of a dismantled amino acid?

A

use N to make a different non essential AA or

excrete N and use the residue for energy

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15
Q

what happens to the amino group of an AA?

A

it is removed when the AA is used for energy and converted to urea which is excreted in the urine

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16
Q

what happens to the acid and side chain when an AA is used for energy?

A

it is metabolized like carb or fat

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17
Q

what does it mean to waste a protein?

A

it means that the protein is not being used for its unique fucntions

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18
Q

When is protein wasted?

A

when there is too little energy from glucose, Fatty acids
when diet provides more protein than the body needs
when supplements cause the body to have an excess of a single AA
when dietary protein is low quality with too few essential AA

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19
Q

positive nitrogen balance

A

when you excrete less nitrogen than you ingest

ex: weight lifting, pregnant, growing

20
Q

negative nitrogen balance

A

when you excrete more nitrogen than you ingest

ex: astronauts, bedridden patients

21
Q

nitrogen balance

A

when you excrete as much nitrogen as you ingest

ex: healthy people

22
Q

what foods and food groups provide the most protein?

A

meats/protein provide the most protein

23
Q

how well does following choose my plate (CMP) recommendations provide protein?

A

its greater than the RDA and AMDR

24
Q

what percent of calories come from protein by following the CMP recommendations?

A

18% or a 2000 cal diet and 16% for a 3000 diet

25
Q

High quality proteins

A

they have enough of all the essential AA for the body to make its own working proteins

26
Q

high quality proteins come from:

A

animal sources

27
Q

mid range quality proteins come from:

A

legumes

28
Q

lower quality proteins come from:

A

grains

29
Q

complementary proteins

A

two or more proteins whose amino acid assortments complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one are supplied by the other

30
Q

what are some examples of complementary proteins?

A

tortillas and beans
rice and lentils
pita bread and hummus (beans)
bread and peanut butter

31
Q

what is the RDA for protein?

A

0.8 g/kg of your healthy body weight

32
Q

how do you calculate your protein RDA?

A

weight in kg X (0.8g/kg)

33
Q

how many pounds in a kilogram?

A

2.2

34
Q

AMDR for protein

A

10-35%

35
Q

What about High protein/low carb diets?

A

they effect other food and nutrients by excluding important sources of some nutrients.
it doesn’t support work and exercise because you needs carbs to efficiently burn calories
you need to increase fluids
the cost isn’t worth it
there are possible links to health problems in the colon

36
Q

what happens when you have too little protein?

A

slow growth in children
impaired brain and kidney function
weakened immune defense
impaired nutrient absorption

37
Q

what are some deficiencies that arise from low protein and calorie intake?

A 
iron 
zinc
vit B12
niacin 
calcium
38
Q

what are some consequences to low protein and calorie that are related to function?

A 
muscle and bone atrophy 
antibodies are not there 
fluid imbalance which causes edema
working cells in organs 
apathetic and listless
39
Q

what happens to your kidneys when you have too much protein?

A

it causes extra work for the kidney which becomes a problem when protein intake is excessive and if a person has kidney disease

40
Q

Cancer and heart disease are moderately linked to which sources of protein?

A

high intake of red meats ( beef, lamb, pork) and processed meats (lunch meats, hot dogs)

41
Q

Do athletes need extra protein?

A

no there is insufficient evidence

muscle growth is stimulated by exercise not protein intake

42
Q

purified AA supplements and extra protein for body builders is generally_____

A

not useful

43
Q

Celiac Disease

A

Autoimmune response to protein in wheat, barley, and rye

44
Q

what happens to your villi in celiac disease

A

they are flattened and destroyed, reducing nutrient absorption

45
Q

What are symptoms of celiac disease?

A

poor growth

weight loss due to malabsorption

46
Q

what is the treatment for celiac diseases?

A

avoid gluten for the rest of your life

many gluten-free options available

Nutrition 100 (8 decks)

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