Chapter 6 Protein Flashcards
how do the amino acids differ?
they each have a different side chain
essential AA are provided through
the foods that we eat
how do to get non-essential AA ?
we make them is we have enough AA to provide the raw materials
how many essential amino acids are there?
9
how many amino acids are there?
20
protein digestion in mouth
nothing
protein digestion in stomach
acids denature proteins. or in other word they break them down to straight chains of AA . the AA are then cleaved into polypeptides and some AA.
protein digestion in small intestine
enzymes from the pancreas and the intestine split peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides and AA. The enzymes on the surface of the small intestine wall then break down the peptides further into AA which are then carried into the blood stream
AA in the bloodstream
from the blood stream they are then transported to all the body’s cells.
protein are _____ functional once denatured
Proteins are no longer functional once denatured
what are the roles of protein in the body?
structure and movement growth and maintenance build enzymes, hormones, and other compounds antibodies transport fluid and electrolyte balance acide base balance blood clotting energy and glucose
what does the fate of and AA depend on?
the needs of the cells
what are some potential fates of an AA?
they can be used to build another protein or another N-containing compound of they can be dismantled
What are some uses of a dismantled amino acid?
use N to make a different non essential AA or
excrete N and use the residue for energy
what happens to the amino group of an AA?
it is removed when the AA is used for energy and converted to urea which is excreted in the urine
what happens to the acid and side chain when an AA is used for energy?
it is metabolized like carb or fat
what does it mean to waste a protein?
it means that the protein is not being used for its unique fucntions
When is protein wasted?
when there is too little energy from glucose, Fatty acids
when diet provides more protein than the body needs
when supplements cause the body to have an excess of a single AA
when dietary protein is low quality with too few essential AA
positive nitrogen balance
when you excrete less nitrogen than you ingest
ex: weight lifting, pregnant, growing
negative nitrogen balance
when you excrete more nitrogen than you ingest
ex: astronauts, bedridden patients
nitrogen balance
when you excrete as much nitrogen as you ingest
ex: healthy people
what foods and food groups provide the most protein?
meats/protein provide the most protein
how well does following choose my plate (CMP) recommendations provide protein?
its greater than the RDA and AMDR
what percent of calories come from protein by following the CMP recommendations?
18% or a 2000 cal diet and 16% for a 3000 diet
