Chp 5

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

the forces within a person that affect their direction, intensity and persistence of effort for voluntary behavior

Question 2

Drives

Answer 2

hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct the deficiencies or maintain an internal equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals

Question 3

Employee Engagement

Answer 3

individual emotional and cognitive motivation, particularly a focused, intense, persistent and purposive effort toward work related goals

Question 4

Needs

Answer 4

goal-directed forces that people experience

Question 5

Four-drive theory

Answer 5

a motivation theory based on the innate drives to acquire, bond, comprehend, and defend that incorporates both emotions and rationality

Question 6

Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory

Answer 6

a motivation theory of needs arranged in a hierarchy, where by people are motivated to fulfill a higher need as a lower one becomes gratified

Question 7

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 7

occurs when people fulfill their needs for competence and autonomy by engaging in the activity itself, rather than from an externally controlled outcome of that activity

Question 8

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 8

occurs when people are motivated to engage in an activity for instrumental reasons, that is to receive something that is beyond their personal control

Question 9

Need for achievement

Answer 9

a learned need in which people want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback and recognition for their success

Question 10

Need for affiliation

Answer 10

a learned need in which people seek approval from others, confirm to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation

Question 11

Need for power

Answer 11

a learned need in which people want to control their environment, including people and material resources, to benefit themselves (personalized power) or others (socialized power)

Question 12

Expectancy theory

Answer 12

a motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to the desired outcomes

Question 13

Outcome valences

Answer 13

anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome. outcomes with a positive valence are consistent with our values and satisfy our needs; outcomes with a negative valence oppose our values or needs fulfillment

Question 14

Organizational behavior modification

Answer 14

a theory that explains employee behavior in terms of the antecedent conditions and consequences of that behavior

Question 15

4 types of consequences (aka contingencies of reinforcement)

Answer 15

1) positive reinforcement 2) punishment, 3) extinction and 4) negative reinforcement

Question 16

Social cognitive theory

Answer 16

explains how learning and motivation occur by observing and modeling others as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior

Question 17

self-reinforcement

Answer 17

reinforcement that occurs when an employee has control of a reinforcer but doesn’t “take” it until completing a self-set goal

Question 18

Goal

Answer 18

a cognitive representation of a desired end state that a person is committed to attain

Question 19

Strengths-based coaching

Answer 19

a positive organizational behavior approach to coaching and feedback that focuses on building and leveraging the employees’ strengths rather than trying to correct his or her weaknesses

Question 20

Distributive justice

Answer 20

perception that appropriate decision criteria rules were applied to calculate how various benefits and burdens are distributed

Question 21

Procedural justice

Answer 21

perception that appropriate procedural rules were applied throughout the decision process

Question 22

Interactional justice

Answer 22

perception that appropriate rules were applied in the way the people involved were treated throughout the decision process

Question 23

Equity theory

Answer 23

explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources