CHP. 5 Flashcards
Intellectual property
A form of creative endeavour that can be protected through a trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design, or integrated circuit topography.
Content management systems (CMSs)
An information system that tracks organizational documents, webpages, graphics, and related materials.
Database
A self-describing collection of integrated records.
Columns, Fields, Groups of bytes
A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity. Examples are PartNumber, EmployeeName, and SalesDate.
Rows or Records
groups of columns in a database table.
Table or File
a group of similar rows or records in a database.
Key
(1) A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. (2) A number used to encrypt data. The encryption algorithm applies the key to the original message to produce the coded message. Decoding (decrypting) a message is similar; a key is applied to the coded message to recover the original text.
Foreign keys
A column or group of columns used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match values of the primary key in a different (foreign) table.
Relational databases
Databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys.
Relation
The more formal name for a database table.
Metadata
Data that describe data.
Database application system
Applications with the standard five components that make database data more accessible and useful. Users employ a database application that consists of forms, formatted reports, queries, and application programs. Each of these, in turn, calls on the database management system (DBMS) to process the database tables.
Database management system (DBMS)
A program used to create, process, and administer a database.
DB2
A popular, enterprise-class DBMS product from IBM.
Access
A popular personal and small workgroup DBMS product from Microsoft.
SQL Server
A popular enterprise-class DBMS product from Microsoft.
Oracle
Software company focused on large scale database systems providing enterprise global cloud computing.
MySQL
A popular open-source DBMS product that is licence-free for most applications.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
An international standard language for processing database data.
Database application
A collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database.
Form
Data entry forms are used to read, insert, modify, and delete database data.
Report
A presentation of data in a structured, or meaningful, context.
Query
A request for data from a database.
Multiuser processing
When multiple users process the database at the same time.
Lost-update problem
An issue in multiuser database processing, in which two or more users try to make changes to the data but the database cannot make all the changes because it was not designed to process changes from multiple users.
Enterprise DBMS
A product that processes large organizational and workgroup databases. These products support many users, perhaps thousands, and many different database applications. Such DBMS products support 24/7 operations and can manage databases that span dozens of different magnetic disks with hundreds of gigabytes or more of data. IBM’s DB2, Microsoft’s SQL Server, and Oracle’s Oracle are examples of enterprise DBMS products.
Personal DBMS
DBMS products designed for smaller, simpler database applications. Such products are used for personal or small workgroup applications that involve fewer than 100 users and normally fewer than 15. Today, Microsoft Access is the only prominent personal DBMS.
ACID
An acronym standing for atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. Used to describe the processing of transactions such that all of the transaction is processed or none of it is (atomic), transactions are processed in the same manner (consistent) whether processed alone or in the presence of millions of other transactions (isolated), and that once a transaction is stored, it never goes away—even in the presence of failure (durable).
Dynamo
A nonrelational data store developed by Amazon.com.
Bigtable
A nonrelational data store developed by Google.
Cassandra
A durable, nonrelational data store that operates over hundreds or thousands of servers. Originally developed by Facebook but later turned over to the open source community; has become an Apache Top-Level Project (TLP).
