CHP. 10 Flashcards
Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK)
Provides project managers, sponsors, and team leaders with a large array of accepted project management techniques and practices.
IT projects
Projects of all shapes and sizes that renew and adapt IT infrastructure.
Information technology project management (ITPM)
The collection of techniques and methods that project managers use to plan, coordinate, and complete IT projects.
Product management professionals (PMPs)
Individuals certified by the Product Management Institute as having product management skills.
IT operations
Service, maintenance, protection, and management of IT infrastructure.
IT Services
Commonly used name for service area within organizations focused on providing basic computing infrastructure, networking and security, standard business applications, and end user support.
Production systems
The entire set of systems that support operations.
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
A well-recognized collection of books providing a framework of best practice approaches to IT operations. ITIL provides a large set of management procedures that are designed to support businesses in achieving value from IT operations.
IT project risk
Structural risk, volatility risk, and project process; performance, knowledge resources, organizational support, project management practices, and both process and product performance.
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
The classic process used to develop information systems. These basic tasks of systems development are combined into the following phases: system definition, requirements analysis, component design, implementation, and system maintenance (fix or enhance).
Systems development
The process of creating and maintaining information systems. It is sometimes called systems analysis and design.
Agile methods
Development methods, such as rapid application development (RAD), object-oriented systems development (OOD), and extreme programming (XP).
Systems analysis
The process of creating and maintaining information systems, sometimes called systems development.
System definition phase
The first phase in the SDLC, in which developers, with the help of eventual users, define the new system’s goals and scope, assess its feasibility, form a project team, and plan the project.
Cost feasibility
One of four dimensions of feasibility.
Schedule feasibility
One of four dimensions of feasibility.
Technical feasibility
One of four dimensions of feasibility.
Organizational feasibility
One of four dimensions of feasibility.
Requirements analysis phase
The second phase in the SDLC, in which developers conduct user interviews, evaluate existing systems, determine new forms/reports/queries, identify new features and functions, including security, and create the data model.
Systems analysts
Information systems professionals who understand both business and technology. They are active throughout the systems development process and play a key role in moving the project from conception to conversion and, ultimately, maintenance. These analysts integrate the work of the programmers, testers, and users.
Business analysts
Analysts who develop the business case for a newly proposed system and develop the requirements for the system.
Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)
Software that is purchased as-is and is not customized.
Test plan
Groups of sequences of actions that users will take when using the new system.
Product quality assurance (PQA)
The testing of a system. PQA personnel usually construct a test plan with the advice and assistance of users. PQA test engineers perform testing, and they also supervise user-test activity. Many PQA professionals are programmers who write automated test programs.
Beta testing
The process of allowing future system users to try out the new system on their own. Used to locate program failures just prior to program shipment.
System conversion
The process of converting a business activity from the old system to the new.
Pilot installation
A type of system conversion in which the organization implements the entire system on a limited portion of the business. The advantage of pilot implementation is that if the system fails, the failure is contained within a limited boundary. This reduces exposure of the business and also protects the new system from developing a negative reputation throughout the organization(s).
Pilot installation
A type of system conversion in which the organization implements the entire system on a limited portion of the business. The advantage of this type of implementation is that if the system fails, the failure is contained within a limited boundary. This reduces exposure of the business and also protects the new system from developing a negative reputation throughout the organization(s).
Phased installation
A type of system conversion in which the new system is installed in pieces across the organization(s). Once a given piece works, then the organization installs and tests another piece of the system, until the entire system has been installed.
Parallel installation
A type of system conversion in which the new system runs in parallel with the old one for a while. Parallel installation is expensive because the organization incurs the costs of running both systems.
Plunge installation
Sometimes called direct installation, a type of system conversion in which the organization shuts off the old system and starts the new system. If the new system fails, the organization is in trouble: Nothing can be done until either the new system is fixed or the old system is reinstalled. Because of the risk, organizations should avoid this conversion style if possible.
Plunge installation
Sometimes called direct installation, a type of system conversion in which the organization shuts off the old system and starts the new system. If the new system fails, the organization is in trouble: Nothing can be done until either the new system is fixed or the old system is reinstalled. Because of the risk, organizations should avoid this conversion style if possible.
Maintenance phase
Last part of the SDLC, which starts the process all over again.
Patches
A group of fixes for high-priority failures that can be applied to existing copies of a particular product. Software vendors supply patches to fix security and other critical problems.
Service packs
A large group of fixes that solve low-priority software problems. Users apply service packs in much the same way that they apply patches, except that service packs typically involve fixes to hundreds or thousands of problems.
Waterfall method
A sequence of nonrepetitive phases.
Analysis paralysis
When too much time is spent documenting project requirements.
Outsourcing
The process of hiring another organization to perform a service. Outsourcing is done to save costs, to gain expertise, and to free up management time.
Application service provider (ASP)
A special form of outsourcing, in which an organization contracts with a vendor to rent applications from the vendor company on a fee-for-service basis.
Component Design
Phase 3 of SDLC. Based on approved user requirements.
-Develop and evaluate alternatives.
-Hardware design is determined by project team.
-Software design depends on the source (Off the shelf, Off the shelf with alterations, Custom-developed programs)
-Data model converted to data base design
Implementation
Phase 4 of SDLC. Implement, test, and install new system.
Application service providers
Organization contracts with a vendor to “rent” applications from the vendor company on a fee-for-service basis
