CHP 4 - Genetics

Question 1

The turning on or off a gene without genetic code alteration

Answer 1

Epigenetics

Question 2

Proteins that bind to DNA to express regions of a gene

Answer 2

Histones

Question 3

Sex hormones that activate more in one sex vs another is known as?

Answer 3

Sex limited genes

Question 4

How does a mutation differ from epigenetics?

Answer 4

Mutation is an alteration of the genetic code while epigenetics is the modification of expression - turning off or on of genetic code

Question 5

What is PKU?

Answer 5

genetic inability to metabolize amino acid phenylalanine – can lead to impairing brain development and

Question 6

T/F: Drug addiction, social isolation or rejection can alter the activity of hundreds of genes?

Answer 6

True; an example of epigenetics

Question 7

What is large evidence that environmental changes can largely affect gene expression?

Answer 7

PKU – changing the way we eat can decrease the affect of PKU gene

Question 8

A family of proteins that promote neuronal activity and dendritic branching, cognitive plasticity, and survival of neurons

Answer 8

Neurotropins

Question 9

BDNF is an example of which type of protein?

Answer 9

Neurotropin

Question 10

What is the function of BDNF?

Answer 10

responsible for retaining information (synaptic plasticity)

Question 11

Antidepressant have high levels of _________ thereby enhance memory

Answer 11

BDNF

Question 12

Musically trained individuals have a _____% larger ________ lobe in the _______ hemisphere

Answer 12

30%; Temporal; Right

Question 13

Overall, impulsive immature behavior is often explained by an underdeveloped frontal lobe, however this does not explain those type of behaviors for adults over the age of 25. What could explain these behaviors?

Answer 13

Rewarding system ; behaviors are rewarded

Question 14

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 14

46 chromosomes ; 23 pairs

Question 15

T/F: dendrites of children born with fetal alcohol syndrome are shorts with many branches

Answer 15

False, short and few branches

Question 16

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is marked by?

Answer 16

Hyperactivity and impulsivity, difficulty maintaining attention, varying degrees of mental retardation, motor problems and heart defects, and facial abnormalities

Question 17

Exposure to alcohol in the fetus brain suppresses ____________ neurotransmitter and enhances the release of _________

Answer 17

Glutamate; GABA

Question 18

What is an example of too much fine tuning?

Answer 18

Focal hand dystonia