CHP 11 - Emotion Flashcards
What are the three components of emotion?
1) Cognition
2) Feeling/Affect
3) Behavioral action
James Lange-Theory of Emotion stated that what occurred first before feeling an emotion?
Physiological arousal before experiencing an emotion
What is a limitation to James-Lange theory of emotion?
Did not explain how to different emotions can have the same physiological responses
Which individuals suggested that physical and psychological experience of emotion occur simultaneously and that one does not cause the other?
Cannon and Bard’s
What is the limitation of Cannon and Bard’s theory of emotion?
Two different emotions can have the same physiological responses
According to James-Lange theory, paralyzed people should report to have less or more emotion?
Less emotion
According to James-Lange theory of emotion, increasing one’s physical response should (decrease or increase) an emotion?
Increase/Enhance
Schachter-Singer’s Theory of emotion is known as the two-factor theory of emotion.
What are the two factors?
Physiological arousal and cognitive
In Schacter’s-Singer two factor theory of emotion, which component of emotion occurs first? Which one is after?
1) Physiological arousal
2) Cognitive labeling
Who came up with the cognitive appraisal thoery?
Richard Lazarus
T/F: Richard Lazarus stated that the cognitive appraisal happens first and immediately after the seeing stimuli
True
T/F: The cognitive appraisal theory states that after making our cognitive appraisal of a stimulus, we experience the physiological response and emotion simultaneously
True
In the cognitive appraisal theory, which process is known for being subconscious and lets us evaluate an event/stimulus?
Primary appraisal process
For the first primary appraisal process, we determine if an event is what? (three factors)
1) Challenging
2) Risky
3) Threatening
The secondary appraisal process consist of which types of cognitive thoughts?
How we can handle the event/stimuli – what resources do we have and how can we cope with the event
What is the mediator in Lazarus’ theory of emotion?
Cognitive appraisal
The stronger connection we have between the frontal lobe and the amygdala the (better or worse) our appraisal process
Better
Individuals with pure automatic failure report feeling same emotions but (less or more) intensely?
Less
Which structure of the brain is responsible for an individuals willpower?
Cingulate Gyrus
What is Mobius Syndrome?
Limited facial expression due to paralysis - can lead to
What is the limitation of six universal emotions?
1) Does not include context
2) is too culture specific
3) Body Language
What are the six universal emotions?
Happy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Surprise
The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of the _________ and __________ lobe of the right hemisphere
Frontal and Temporal
The behavioral inhibition system stimulates emotions such as _________ and _________.
Fear and Disgust
Sometimes anxiety
T/F: The BIS increases attention and arousal
True
T/F: The BIS inhibits action - approach like behavior
True
Which system is associated with avoidance behavior and sensitive to environmental cues that are associated with threat, punishment, and avoidance of punishment?
Behavioral inhibition system
Which behavioral system is associated with negative affect?
such as depression, fear, anxiety, learned helplessness
BIS
The behavioral inhibition
system is associated with which neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
The behavioral activation system is sensitive to cues associated with _________.
Reward
Which behavioral system is associated with positive affect?
Behavioral activation system
The behavioral activation system is associated with which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
T/F: Too much activation in the BAS can lead to impulsive behavior and inability to control themselves
True
The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?
Right hemisphere
The behavioral activation system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?
Left hemisphere
Remember Left. H – logistical hemisphere
What are characteristics that help decrease negative affect?
1) Resilience
2) High self esteem
3) Optimism
4) Internal locus of control
The utilitarian approach weighs the ______ and _______ over moral decision making
Pros and cons
Damage to part of the _______________ _______ blunts emotions such as impairing decision making, impulsive behavior
Prefrontal cortex
Contemplating moral decisions activates the ___________ _______ and the _____________ _________.
Prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus
Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex decreases secondary emotions like ________ and ________
Guilt and trust
Which area of the brain becomes active when making moral decisions?
Both utilitarian and deontological perspective
Prefrontal cortex
What is the role of the amygdala in emotions?
Processes emotion, specifically fear and helps us react quickly to threats
What is the moral decision making based on the utilitarian perspective?
Involves considering the pros and cons and selecting the option that benefits the most people
What type of relationship/correlation between testosterone and aggression have?
Positive, as one increases the other increases
Increase in T = increase in aggression
What type of relationship/correlation between cortisol and aggression have?
Negative, when one decreases the other increases
Decrease in cortisol = increase in aggression
Cortisol promotes anxiety and BIS
What is the relationship/correlation between serotonin turnover and aggression?
Negative relationship
Decrease serotonin turnover levels = increased aggression
Serotonin important for regulating mood
What is the difference between primary and secondary appraisal in stress?
Primary appraisal: initial through of event (subconscious)
Secondary appraisal: Coping mechanisms what are resources do we have to overcome obstacles
What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive coping?
adaptive is problem focused and finding solutions cs maladaptive coping is emotionally focused and can lead to avoiding the behavior
What is the impact of BOTOX on emotional responses?
Botox weakens emotional responses by impairing facial expression
MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down which neurotransmitters?
1) Dopamine
2) Serotonin
3) Norepinephrine
Low activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?
More aggression
High activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?
No effect on aggression
Which brain structure is responsible for enhancing startle reflex?
Amygdala
Does childhood maltreatment predict antisocial behavior?
such as aggression
It depends on the activity levels of MAOA
High levels = breakdown of neurotransmitter = no aggression
Low levels = excessive neurotransmitters = increased aggression
Low serotonin turnover measured by 5HIAA predicts more or less aggression?
More aggression
Kluver-Busy syndrome leads to what type of behavior and is associated with damage to the ___________
tame/placid do not know what to fear – amygdala
Urbach-Wiethe Disease is a rare genetic condition that causes _________ to accumulate in the amygdala until it wastes away?
Calcium
Amygdala damage affect the ability to recognize which facial expressions?
Fear and disgust
Alcohol enhances which neurotransmitter?
Alcohol inhibits which neurotransmitter?
Enhances – GABA
Inhibits – Glutamate
Anti-anxiety medication binds to _________ receptors and ____________ the effects therefore an (agonist/antagonist)
GABA , facilitates, agonist
The experimental drug Ro-15-45-13 blocks the effect of alcohol on the ___________ receptors
GABA receptors
Why is Ro-15-45-13 dangerous for alcholics?
Reduces the effect on alcohol, individuals do not get the buzz feeling therefore drink more which could lead to alcohol poisoning
T/F: Impulsiveness and aggression behavior have been linked to low serotonin release
True
T/F: Cortisol inhibits violent impulses
True
What area of the brain is responsible for associated fear/ generalized fear responses?
Nucleus accumbens
What are the brain is responsible for individual items?
Amygdala
