CHP 11 - Emotion

Question 1

What are the three components of emotion?

Answer 1

1) Cognition
2) Feeling/Affect
3) Behavioral action

Question 2

James Lange-Theory of Emotion stated that what occurred first before feeling an emotion?

Answer 2

Physiological arousal before experiencing an emotion

Question 3

What is a limitation to James-Lange theory of emotion?

Answer 3

Did not explain how to different emotions can have the same physiological responses

Question 4

Which individuals suggested that physical and psychological experience of emotion occur simultaneously and that one does not cause the other?

Answer 4

Cannon and Bard’s

Question 5

What is the limitation of Cannon and Bard’s theory of emotion?

Answer 5

Two different emotions can have the same physiological responses

Question 6

According to James-Lange theory, paralyzed people should report to have less or more emotion?

Answer 6

Less emotion

Question 7

According to James-Lange theory of emotion, increasing one’s physical response should (decrease or increase) an emotion?

Answer 7

Increase/Enhance

Question 8

Schachter-Singer’s Theory of emotion is known as the two-factor theory of emotion.
What are the two factors?

Answer 8

Physiological arousal and cognitive

Question 9

In Schacter’s-Singer two factor theory of emotion, which component of emotion occurs first? Which one is after?

Answer 9

1) Physiological arousal
2) Cognitive labeling

Question 10

Who came up with the cognitive appraisal thoery?

Answer 10

Richard Lazarus

Question 11

T/F: Richard Lazarus stated that the cognitive appraisal happens first and immediately after the seeing stimuli

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: The cognitive appraisal theory states that after making our cognitive appraisal of a stimulus, we experience the physiological response and emotion simultaneously

Answer 12

True

Question 13

In the cognitive appraisal theory, which process is known for being subconscious and lets us evaluate an event/stimulus?

Answer 13

Primary appraisal process

Question 14

For the first primary appraisal process, we determine if an event is what? (three factors)

Answer 14

1) Challenging
2) Risky
3) Threatening

Question 15

The secondary appraisal process consist of which types of cognitive thoughts?

Answer 15

How we can handle the event/stimuli – what resources do we have and how can we cope with the event

Question 16

What is the mediator in Lazarus’ theory of emotion?

Answer 16

Cognitive appraisal

Question 17

The stronger connection we have between the frontal lobe and the amygdala the (better or worse) our appraisal process

Answer 17

Better

Question 18

Individuals with pure automatic failure report feeling same emotions but (less or more) intensely?

Answer 18

Less

Question 19

Which structure of the brain is responsible for an individuals willpower?

Answer 19

Cingulate Gyrus

Question 20

What is Mobius Syndrome?

Answer 20

Limited facial expression due to paralysis - can lead to

Question 21

What is the limitation of six universal emotions?

Answer 21

1) Does not include context
2) is too culture specific
3) Body Language

Question 22

What are the six universal emotions?

Answer 22

Happy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Surprise

Question 23

The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of the _________ and __________ lobe of the right hemisphere

Answer 23

Frontal and Temporal

Question 24

The behavioral inhibition system stimulates emotions such as _________ and _________.

Answer 24

Fear and Disgust

Sometimes anxiety

Question 25

T/F: The BIS increases attention and arousal

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: The BIS inhibits action - approach like behavior

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which system is associated with avoidance behavior and sensitive to environmental cues that are associated with threat, punishment, and avoidance of punishment?

Answer 27

Behavioral inhibition system

Question 28

Which behavioral system is associated with negative affect? such as depression, fear, anxiety, learned helplessness

Answer 28

BIS

Question 29

The behavioral inhibition system is associated with which neurotransmitter?

Answer 29

Norepinephrine

Question 30

The behavioral activation system is sensitive to cues associated with _________.

Answer 30

Reward

Question 31

Which behavioral system is associated with positive affect?

Answer 31

Behavioral activation system

Question 32

The behavioral activation system is associated with which neurotransmitter?

Answer 32

Dopamine

Question 33

T/F: Too much activation in the BAS can lead to impulsive behavior and inability to control themselves

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?

Answer 34

Right hemisphere

Question 35

The behavioral activation system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?

Answer 35

Left hemisphere Remember Left. H -- logistical hemisphere

Question 36

What are characteristics that help decrease negative affect?

Answer 36

1) Resilience 2) High self esteem 3) Optimism 4) Internal locus of control

Question 37

The utilitarian approach weighs the ______ and _______ over moral decision making

Answer 37

Pros and cons

Question 38

Damage to part of the _______________ _______ blunts emotions such as impairing decision making, impulsive behavior

Answer 38

Prefrontal cortex

Question 39

Contemplating moral decisions activates the ___________ _______ and the _____________ _________.

Answer 39

Prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

Question 40

Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex decreases secondary emotions like ________ and ________

Answer 40

Guilt and trust

Question 41

Which area of the brain becomes active when making moral decisions? Both utilitarian and deontological perspective

Answer 41

Prefrontal cortex

Question 42

What is the role of the amygdala in emotions?

Answer 42

Processes emotion, specifically fear and helps us react quickly to threats

Question 43

What is the moral decision making based on the utilitarian perspective?

Answer 43

Involves considering the pros and cons and selecting the option that benefits the most people

Question 44

What type of relationship/correlation between testosterone and aggression have?

Answer 44

Positive, as one increases the other increases Increase in T = increase in aggression

Question 45

What type of relationship/correlation between cortisol and aggression have?

Answer 45

Negative, when one decreases the other increases Decrease in cortisol = increase in aggression Cortisol promotes anxiety and BIS

Question 46

What is the relationship/correlation between serotonin turnover and aggression?

Answer 46

Negative relationship Decrease serotonin turnover levels = increased aggression Serotonin important for regulating mood

Question 47

What is the difference between primary and secondary appraisal in stress?

Answer 47

Primary appraisal: initial through of event (subconscious) Secondary appraisal: Coping mechanisms what are resources do we have to overcome obstacles

Question 48

What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive coping?

Answer 48

adaptive is problem focused and finding solutions cs maladaptive coping is emotionally focused and can lead to avoiding the behavior

Question 49

What is the impact of BOTOX on emotional responses?

Answer 49

Botox weakens emotional responses by impairing facial expression

Question 50

MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down which neurotransmitters?

Answer 50

1) Dopamine 2) Serotonin 3) Norepinephrine

Question 51

Low activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?

Answer 51

More aggression

Question 52

High activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?

Answer 52

No effect on aggression

Question 53

Which brain structure is responsible for enhancing startle reflex?

Answer 53

Amygdala

Question 54

Does childhood maltreatment predict antisocial behavior? such as aggression

Answer 54

It depends on the activity levels of MAOA High levels = breakdown of neurotransmitter = no aggression Low levels = excessive neurotransmitters = increased aggression

Question 55

Low serotonin turnover measured by 5HIAA predicts more or less aggression?

Answer 55

More aggression

Question 56

Kluver-Busy syndrome leads to what type of behavior and is associated with damage to the ___________

Answer 56

tame/placid do not know what to fear -- amygdala

Question 57

Urbach-Wiethe Disease is a rare genetic condition that causes _________ to accumulate in the amygdala until it wastes away?

Answer 57

Calcium

Question 58

Amygdala damage affect the ability to recognize which facial expressions?

Answer 58

Fear and disgust

Question 59

Alcohol enhances which neurotransmitter? Alcohol inhibits which neurotransmitter?

Answer 59

Enhances -- GABA Inhibits -- Glutamate

Question 60

Anti-anxiety medication binds to _________ receptors and ____________ the effects therefore an (agonist/antagonist)

Answer 60

GABA , facilitates, agonist

Question 61

The experimental drug Ro-15-45-13 blocks the effect of alcohol on the ___________ receptors

Answer 61

GABA receptors

Question 62

Why is Ro-15-45-13 dangerous for alcholics?

Answer 62

Reduces the effect on alcohol, individuals do not get the buzz feeling therefore drink more which could lead to alcohol poisoning

Question 63

T/F: Impulsiveness and aggression behavior have been linked to low serotonin release

Answer 63

True

Question 64

T/F: Cortisol inhibits violent impulses

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What area of the brain is responsible for associated fear/ generalized fear responses?

Answer 65

Nucleus accumbens

Question 66

What are the brain is responsible for individual items?

Answer 66

Amygdala