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Biological Psychology > CHP 11 - Emotion > Flashcards

CHP 11 - Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of emotion?

A

1) Cognition
2) Feeling/Affect
3) Behavioral action

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2
Q

James Lange-Theory of Emotion stated that what occurred first before feeling an emotion?

A

Physiological arousal before experiencing an emotion

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3
Q

What is a limitation to James-Lange theory of emotion?

A

Did not explain how to different emotions can have the same physiological responses

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4
Q

Which individuals suggested that physical and psychological experience of emotion occur simultaneously and that one does not cause the other?

A

Cannon and Bard’s

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5
Q

What is the limitation of Cannon and Bard’s theory of emotion?

A

Two different emotions can have the same physiological responses

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6
Q

According to James-Lange theory, paralyzed people should report to have less or more emotion?

A

Less emotion

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7
Q

According to James-Lange theory of emotion, increasing one’s physical response should (decrease or increase) an emotion?

A

Increase/Enhance

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8
Q

Schachter-Singer’s Theory of emotion is known as the two-factor theory of emotion.
What are the two factors?

A

Physiological arousal and cognitive

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9
Q

In Schacter’s-Singer two factor theory of emotion, which component of emotion occurs first? Which one is after?

A

1) Physiological arousal
2) Cognitive labeling

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10
Q

Who came up with the cognitive appraisal thoery?

A

Richard Lazarus

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11
Q

T/F: Richard Lazarus stated that the cognitive appraisal happens first and immediately after the seeing stimuli

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: The cognitive appraisal theory states that after making our cognitive appraisal of a stimulus, we experience the physiological response and emotion simultaneously

A

True

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13
Q

In the cognitive appraisal theory, which process is known for being subconscious and lets us evaluate an event/stimulus?

A

Primary appraisal process

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14
Q

For the first primary appraisal process, we determine if an event is what? (three factors)

A

1) Challenging
2) Risky
3) Threatening

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15
Q

The secondary appraisal process consist of which types of cognitive thoughts?

A

How we can handle the event/stimuli – what resources do we have and how can we cope with the event

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16
Q

What is the mediator in Lazarus’ theory of emotion?

A

Cognitive appraisal

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17
Q

The stronger connection we have between the frontal lobe and the amygdala the (better or worse) our appraisal process

A

Better

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18
Q

Individuals with pure automatic failure report feeling same emotions but (less or more) intensely?

A

Less

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19
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for an individuals willpower?

A

Cingulate Gyrus

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20
Q

What is Mobius Syndrome?

A

Limited facial expression due to paralysis - can lead to

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21
Q

What is the limitation of six universal emotions?

A

1) Does not include context
2) is too culture specific
3) Body Language

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22
Q

What are the six universal emotions?

A

Happy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Surprise

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23
Q

The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of the _________ and __________ lobe of the right hemisphere

A

Frontal and Temporal

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24
Q

The behavioral inhibition system stimulates emotions such as _________ and _________.

A

Fear and Disgust

Sometimes anxiety

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25
Q

T/F: The BIS increases attention and arousal

A

True

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26
Q

T/F: The BIS inhibits action - approach like behavior

A

True

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27
Q

Which system is associated with avoidance behavior and sensitive to environmental cues that are associated with threat, punishment, and avoidance of punishment?

A

Behavioral inhibition system

28
Q

Which behavioral system is associated with negative affect?

such as depression, fear, anxiety, learned helplessness

A

BIS

29
Q

The behavioral inhibition
system is associated with which neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

30
Q

The behavioral activation system is sensitive to cues associated with _________.

A

Reward

31
Q

Which behavioral system is associated with positive affect?

A

Behavioral activation system

32
Q

The behavioral activation system is associated with which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

33
Q

T/F: Too much activation in the BAS can lead to impulsive behavior and inability to control themselves

A

True

34
Q

The behavioral inhibition system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?

A

Right hemisphere

35
Q

The behavioral activation system is associated with increased activity of which brain hemisphere?

A

Left hemisphere

Remember Left. H – logistical hemisphere

36
Q

What are characteristics that help decrease negative affect?

A

1) Resilience
2) High self esteem
3) Optimism
4) Internal locus of control

37
Q

The utilitarian approach weighs the ______ and _______ over moral decision making

A

Pros and cons

38
Q

Damage to part of the _______________ _______ blunts emotions such as impairing decision making, impulsive behavior

A

Prefrontal cortex

39
Q

Contemplating moral decisions activates the ___________ _______ and the _____________ _________.

A

Prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

40
Q

Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex decreases secondary emotions like ________ and ________

A

Guilt and trust

41
Q

Which area of the brain becomes active when making moral decisions?

Both utilitarian and deontological perspective

A

Prefrontal cortex

42
Q

What is the role of the amygdala in emotions?

A

Processes emotion, specifically fear and helps us react quickly to threats

43
Q

What is the moral decision making based on the utilitarian perspective?

A

Involves considering the pros and cons and selecting the option that benefits the most people

44
Q

What type of relationship/correlation between testosterone and aggression have?

A

Positive, as one increases the other increases

Increase in T = increase in aggression

45
Q

What type of relationship/correlation between cortisol and aggression have?

A

Negative, when one decreases the other increases

Decrease in cortisol = increase in aggression

Cortisol promotes anxiety and BIS

46
Q

What is the relationship/correlation between serotonin turnover and aggression?

A

Negative relationship

Decrease serotonin turnover levels = increased aggression

Serotonin important for regulating mood

47
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary appraisal in stress?

A

Primary appraisal: initial through of event (subconscious)

Secondary appraisal: Coping mechanisms what are resources do we have to overcome obstacles

48
Q

What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive coping?

A

adaptive is problem focused and finding solutions cs maladaptive coping is emotionally focused and can lead to avoiding the behavior

49
Q

What is the impact of BOTOX on emotional responses?

A

Botox weakens emotional responses by impairing facial expression

50
Q

MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down which neurotransmitters?

A

1) Dopamine
2) Serotonin
3) Norepinephrine

51
Q

Low activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?

A

More aggression

52
Q

High activity of MAOA and severe childhood maltreatment leads to more, less, or no effect on aggression?

A

No effect on aggression

53
Q

Which brain structure is responsible for enhancing startle reflex?

A

Amygdala

54
Q

Does childhood maltreatment predict antisocial behavior?

such as aggression

A

It depends on the activity levels of MAOA

High levels = breakdown of neurotransmitter = no aggression

Low levels = excessive neurotransmitters = increased aggression

55
Q

Low serotonin turnover measured by 5HIAA predicts more or less aggression?

A

More aggression

56
Q

Kluver-Busy syndrome leads to what type of behavior and is associated with damage to the ___________

A

tame/placid do not know what to fear – amygdala

57
Q

Urbach-Wiethe Disease is a rare genetic condition that causes _________ to accumulate in the amygdala until it wastes away?

A

Calcium

58
Q

Amygdala damage affect the ability to recognize which facial expressions?

A

Fear and disgust

59
Q

Alcohol enhances which neurotransmitter?
Alcohol inhibits which neurotransmitter?

A

Enhances – GABA
Inhibits – Glutamate

60
Q

Anti-anxiety medication binds to _________ receptors and ____________ the effects therefore an (agonist/antagonist)

A

GABA , facilitates, agonist

61
Q

The experimental drug Ro-15-45-13 blocks the effect of alcohol on the ___________ receptors

A

GABA receptors

62
Q

Why is Ro-15-45-13 dangerous for alcholics?

A

Reduces the effect on alcohol, individuals do not get the buzz feeling therefore drink more which could lead to alcohol poisoning

63
Q

T/F: Impulsiveness and aggression behavior have been linked to low serotonin release

A

True

64
Q

T/F: Cortisol inhibits violent impulses

A

True

65
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for associated fear/ generalized fear responses?

A

Nucleus accumbens

66
Q

What are the brain is responsible for individual items?

A

Amygdala

67
Q
A

Biological Psychology (10 decks)

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