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Biological Psychology > CHP 10 - Sex Differences > Flashcards

CHP 10 - Sex Differences Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the only scientifically proven difference between male and females behavior?

A

Interest
Males - Things
Females - People/Individuals

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2
Q

Which ducts are known for being the precursor to female internal structures?

A

Mullerian Ducts

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3
Q

Which ducts are known as being the precursors to male internal structures?

A

Wolffian Ducts

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4
Q

T/F: Male and female mammals have both mullerian and wolffian ducts during early stage of prenatal development

A

True, both ducts are present before 6-8 weeks

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5
Q

What gene is responsible for primitive gonads to develop into testes?

A

SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) gene

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6
Q

What is the most abundant androgen in males?

A

Testosterone

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7
Q

Once androgens are present the wolffian duct develop into which structures?

A

Seminal Vesicles and Vas Deferens

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8
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the degeneration of mullerian-inhibiting hormone?

A

MIH - Mullerian inhibiting hormone

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9
Q

The mullerian inhibiting hormone is produced in the?

A

Testes

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10
Q

For MIH to be produced and released testosterone levels need to be?

A

Increased - High concentration of testosterone allows for the production and release of MIH

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11
Q

Mullerian ducts develop and mature into?

A

Oviducts, Uterus, and the upper vagina

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12
Q

Females do not have the SRY gene, therefore their gonads develop into?

A

Ovaries

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13
Q

Can females product MIH?

A

No, only present with high levels of testosterone

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14
Q

The Wolffian ducts degenerate in females or males?

A

Females

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15
Q

T/F: Males testes product more estrogens than androgens

A

False

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16
Q

What is the most abundant hormone in females?

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

What is the most prominent type of estrogen?

A

Estradiol

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18
Q

Which estrogen is responsible for implantation of fertilized ovum an promotes the maintenaance of pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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19
Q

What does the SRY gene do?

A

Causes the undifferentiated gonads to develop into testes, which then produces testosterone and MIH to direct development towards the male pattern

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20
Q

If inject estrogens into adult males and androgens into adult females, could we make males act like females in vise versa?

A

No

21
Q

What are the two types of effects sex hormones can have?

A

Organizing effects - long lasting structural effects

Activating effects - temporary, short term only continue while hormone is present

22
Q

The organizing effects set the stage for ____________ effects

A

Activating

23
Q

Menstrual cycle is an example of which type of hormone effect?

A

Organization effect

24
Q

The burst of hormones during pregnancy is an example of which type of hormone effect?

A

Activating effect

25
Q

T/F: Estradiol has little effect on the external genitals

A

True

26
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the development of external genitalia?

A

Testosterone converted into DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)

27
Q

Does testosterone play a role in the development of female pattern external genitalia?

A

Yes, low levels of testosterone leads to female external genitalia

28
Q

Testosterone converts into __________, which is more effective in promoting growth of the __________.

A

DTH (Dihydrotestosterone); Penis

29
Q

What would happen if a genetic male had low levels of androgens during prenatal development?

A

They would develop the female typical pattern of anatomy and behavior

30
Q

What would happen to a genetic female that is introduced to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development?

A

Behavior will be partly masculinized

31
Q

Why are pregnant woman recommended to stay away from products that have phthalates when carrying a boy?

A

They cause the fetus to become deficient of androgen receptors or less sensitive

32
Q

T/F: A genetic female that lacks estradiol during early life development will approximately have normal female external anatomy.

A

True

33
Q

Which hormone needs to be present for the development of the female internal organs?

A

Estradiol

34
Q

The lack of estradiol during prenatal development in females will result in an increase or decrease in sexual drive?

A

Decrease

35
Q

What would be the genital appearance of a mammal exposed to high levels of both androgens and estrogens?

A

Appear male

36
Q

What would be the genital appearance of a mammal exposed to low levels of both androgens and estrogens?

A

Appear Female

37
Q

What region of the hypothalamus is larger in males than in females?

A

Sexually dimorphic nucleus

38
Q

In females, which structure in the brain is responsible for generating a cyclic patter of hormone release? also known as the menstrual cycle

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

If a genetic female is exposed to high levels of testosterone during early development will she have a normal menstrual cycle?

A

No

40
Q

Sexually dimorphic nucleus contributes to control of?

A

Male sexual behavior; located in the anterior hypothalamus

41
Q

A girl born to women with high testosterone levels while pregnant will show an elevated preference for boy or girl toys

A

Boy

42
Q

Boys born to women with high _________ levels while pregnant showed more interest in typical girl toy’s

A

Phthalate

43
Q

Antidepressant _________ serotonin which leads to the __________ of sexual arousal

A

Decrease; decrease

44
Q

serotonin and dopamine have what type of relationship when it comes to sexual activity?

A

Inverse; increase of serotonin decreases sexual activity by blocking dopamine release

45
Q

Which oocyte is triggered to ovulate and fertilized?

A

the oocyte with the highest FSH

46
Q

Which hormone is responsible for suppressing FSH?

A

Progesterone

47
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Stimulates the growth of oocytes in the ovaries, oocyte of highest FSH will be released by the ovary

48
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Biological Psychology (6 decks)

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